General optimal design of solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle for priority considering propulsion system

This paper describes the general optimization design method of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle which priority considering propulsion system planning. Based on the traditional solar powered aircraft design method, the propulsion system top-level target parameters which affect the path planning are integrated into the general optimization design. According to the typical mission requirements of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, considering the design variables such as wing area, aspect ratio, design mission date and so on, the general optimization is carried out with the minimum aircraft weight as the optimization objective. The influence of wing area and aspect ratio on the optimal design results is analyzed and compared with the traditional design method. The results show that the general design method of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for priority considering propulsion system can greatly reduce the electricity demand of energy storage battery, greatly reduce the aircraft weight of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.     

基于运动特征和中心环绕模型的空对地车辆检测方法

平台的移动基于空基车辆检测以其视野广、速度快、适应性强等优点,近些年成为了智能交通和航空应急救援等领域内的一个热点课题。然而,在城市背景的交通环境下,由于复杂背景造成的干扰、车辆运动的不规律性以及光照等条件变化带来的噪声,有效地获取运动对象特征是空对地视觉监视方法面临的一个难题。为有效解决这一问题,提出了结合运动特征的中心环绕模型进行空对地车辆检测的算法。现有的空对地车辆检测算法,大多是针对固定的摄像头的情况下,基于运动特征进行检测,例如光流法、背景差法等。这些方法在对高速公路等背景相对较为简单的环境下获得了良好的检测结果,但当面对城市复杂背景条件或摄像头自身运动的状况时,难以有效地检测出运动目标。而在对颜色、强度等静态特征进行显著度分析的基础上,加入了对运动特征的分析,可以解决在复杂环境下准确提取车辆目标有效特征的问题。试验表明,相较于基于图像相减的检测算法和单一显著度算法,该算法可以获得更高的检测率与更低的误报率。     

临近空间可变形滑翔飞行器轨迹优化与性能分析

针对临近空间滑翔飞行器的变形需求，提出一种具有较高环境适应性的伸缩式可变形滑翔飞行器(MGV)，建立了含有冗余控制变量的MGV轨迹优化模型，利用伪谱法量化分析了MGV在射程覆盖能力、规避绕飞能力和末段打击能力三方面的性能收益，得到了飞行过程中的最优控制律和最优变形律，可指导制定变形策略和设计变形控制系统，为滑翔飞行器的后续发展和变形飞行器的相关研究提供参考。     

An experimental study of elastic properties of dragonfly-like flapping wings for use in biomimetic micro air vehicles (BMAVs)

This article studies the elastic properties of several biomimetic micro air vehicle (BMAV) wings that are based on a dragonfly wing. BMAVs are a new class of unmanned micro-sized air vehicles that mimic the flapping wing motion of flying biological organisms (e.g., insects, birds, and bats). Three structurally identical wings were fabricated using different materials: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and acrylic. Simplified wing frame structures were fabricated from these materials and then a nanocomposite film was adhered to them which mimics the membrane of an actual dragonfly. These wings were then attached to an electromagnetic actu-ator and passively flapped at frequencies of 10–250 Hz. A three-dimensional high frame rate imag-ing system was used to capture the flapping motions of these wings at a resolution of 320 pixels × 240 pixels and 35000 frames per second. The maximum bending angle, maximum wing tip deflection, maximum wing tip twist angle, and wing tip twist speed of each wing were measured and compared to each other and the actual dragonfly wing. The results show that the ABS wing has considerable flexibility in the chordwise direction, whereas the PLA and acrylic wings show better conformity to an actual dragonfly wing in the spanwise direction. Past studies have shown that the aerodynamic performance of a BMAV flapping wing is enhanced if its chordwise flexibility is increased and its spanwise flexibility is reduced. Therefore, the ABS wing (fabricated using a 3D printer) shows the most promising results for future applications.     

Simulation of streamwise vortices at the flaps of re-entry vehicles

The present study investigates separated flows in the flap region of the X-38 re-entry demonstrator with respect to the heat loads downstream reattachment induced by streamwise vortices. In a first step generic numerical flow simulations of turbulent ramp configurations with artificially induced vortex disturbances are compared with wind tunnel data of the Ludwieg tube facility in Göttingen (RWG). The results allow insight into the perturbed flow field, the associated flow topology and the influence of different flow parameters that affect the perturbations. For numerical resolution of streamwise vortices in the boundary layer of re-entry vehicles local grids are generated around the flaps of the X-38 vehicle. Extensive studies of arranging and refining the local grids demonstrate good grid convergence. For laminar cases and cases with fixed transition vortex effects on the heat transfer are observed with and without artificial vortex excitation.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel der vorgelegten Studie ist die Untersuchung abgelöster Strömungen im Klappenbereich des X-38 Wiedereintrittsdemonstrators hinsichtlich der durch Längswirbel entstehenden thermischen Belastungen stromab der Anlegelinie. Im ersten Schritt werden turbulente generische Rampenkonfiguratiorien mit künstlich induzierten Wirbelstörungen mit Windkanaldaten des Ludwierohrkanals in Göttingen (RWG) verglichen. Die Ergebnisse erlauben einen Einblick in die Störströmung, der zugehörige Strömungstopologie und der Einflüsse verschiedener Parametervariationen auf die Störströmung. Zur numerischen Auflösung der Längswirbel in der Grenzschicht von Wiedereintrittsvehikeln wurden lokale Netze um die X-38 Klappen generiert. Ausführliche numerische Studien nach Umordnung und Verfeinerung der lokalen Netze zeigen eine gute Netzkonvergenz der Ergebnisse. In laminaren Fällen und solchen mit fester Transition wurden Wirbeleinflüsse auf den Wärmestrom mit und ohne künstliche Wirbelanregung beobachtet.     

无人战斗机的发展及其关键技术

回顾了无人战斗机（UCAV）的发展背景，简要介绍了目前国外无人战斗机的发展现状和重点研究方向。分析了其关键技术和发展过程中应解决的主要问题，详细介绍了其系统构成和技术要求，研究了未来无人战斗机系统成功的关键技术和人员因素问题，对我国UCAV的研制和发展具有指导意义和参考价值。     

基于VXI总线的无人机综合测试系统的设计

利用VXI总线技术开放式的体系结构和模块化的自动测试技术的优势,结合国产无人机现状,研发了基于虚拟仪器的综合检测系统.该系统具有通用性好、扩展性强、标准化程度高的特点.文章给出了测试仪的硬件配置和在LabWindows/CVI环境下的软件模块化设计方案及实现方法.     

微型飞行器飞行监测系统设计

根据微型飞行器(Micro Aerial Vehicle-MAV)飞行测试的需求,设计了一种飞行监测系统。系统主要由操纵输入数据记录、地面监测计算机和无线测控链路三大部分组成。详细介绍了各部分的功能和设计方法,最后探讨了一种基于nRF401的测控链路实现方案。     

小型无人机发展现状及其相关问题分析

就小型无人机(UAV)的发展现状及其相关问题进行了初步讨论。介绍了几种典型的小型无人机、微型飞机及一些机载设备。指出了小型无人机在空气动力、飞行力学方面存在的问题。对小型无人机的研究起到了借鉴作用。     

新型飞机除冰车加热系统温度控制器研究

以新型飞机除冰车加热系统为研究对象，通过分析实验数据，首次提出了除冰液流量全量程范围内的加热系统数学模型，并综合应用模糊理论设计Fuzzy自整定PID参数的Smith预估控制器。MATLAB仿真结果表明，应用这种方法设计出的控制策略能较好地适应飞机除冰车模型参数的大幅度变化，并具有良好的稳态精度和自适应能力。