Precision orbit determination performance for CryoSat-2

In this paper we discuss our efforts to perform precision orbit determination (POD) of CryoSat-2 which depends on Doppler and satellite laser ranging tracking data. A dynamic orbit model is set-up and the residuals between the model and the tracking data is evaluated. The average r.m.s. of the 10?s averaged Doppler tracking pass residuals is approximately 0.39?mm/s; and the average of the laser tracking pass residuals becomes 1.42?cm. There are a number of other tests to verify the quality of the orbit solution, we compare our computed orbits against three independent external trajectories provided by the CNES. The CNES products are part of the CryoSat-2 products distributed by ESA. The radial differences of our solution relative to the CNES precision orbits shows an average r.m.s. of 1.25?cm between Jun-2010 and Apr-2017. The SIRAL altimeter crossover difference statistics demonstrate that the quality of our orbit solution is comparable to that of the POE solution computed by the CNES. In this paper we will discuss three important changes in our POD activities that have brought the orbit performance to this level. The improvements concern the way we implement temporal gravity accelerations observed by GRACE; the implementation of ITRF2014 coordinates and velocities for the DORIS beacons and the SLR tracking sites. We also discuss an adjustment of the SLR retroreflector position within the satellite reference frame. An unexpected result is that we find a systematic difference between the median of the 10 s Doppler tracking residuals which displays a statistically significant pattern in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SSA) area where the median of the velocity residuals varies in the range of ?0.15 to +0.15?mm/s.     

Mid-latitude thermospheric wind changes during the St. Patrick’s Day storm of 2015 observed by two Fabry-Perot interferometers in China

In this work, we utilize thermospheric wind observations by the Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPI) from the Kelan (KL) station (38.7°N, 111.6°E, Magnetic Latitude: 28.9°N) and the Xinglong (XL) station (40.2°N, 117.4°E, Magnetic Latitude: 30.5°N) in central China during the St. Patrick’s Day storm (from Mar. 17 to Mar. 19) of 2015 to analyze thermospheric wind disturbances and compare observations with the Horizontal Wind Model 2007 (HWM07). The results reveal that the wind measurements at KL show very similar trends to those at XL. Large enhancements are seen in both the westward and equatorward winds after the severe geomagnetic storm occurred. The westward wind speed increased to a peak value of 75?m/s and the equatorward wind enhanced to a peak value of over 100?m/s. There also exist obvious poleward disturbances in the meridional winds during Mar. 17 to Mar. 19. According to the comparison with HWM07, there exist evident wind speed and temporal differences between FPI-winds and the model outputs in this severe geomagnetic storm. The discrepancies between the observations and HWM07 imply that the empirical model should be used carefully in wind disturbance forecast during large geomagnetic storms and more investigations between measurements and numerical models are necessary in future studies.     

Hot-cracking susceptibility and shear fracture behavior of dissimilar Ti6Al4V/AA6060 alloys in pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding

Laser welding of dissimilar titanium/aluminum alloys has been employed at an increasing rate, particularly in the aerospace industry, owing to its advantages in terms of current design flexibility and fuel/cost savings. The major problem with dissimilar Ti/Al welds arises from the difference in the thermal expansion and contraction of the two metals, which leads to hot-cracking susceptibility and the mitigation of the mechanical property after welding. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of Ti6Al4V and AA6060 has been addressed. Hot-cracking susceptibility in the heat affected zone and the shear fracture behavior of the lap joints were investigated through microstructural characterization and mechanical tests. The results indicate that the hot cracking tendency can be reduced by increasing the pulse peak power (7.5–8.5 kW) and the laser point diameter (0.8–1.0 mm) with specific pulse duration and overlap. An alternative control strategy for less hot cracks in the Ti/Al lap joint can be to increase the weld width and decrease the cooling rate during solidification. The shear fracture of the Ti/Al lap joint is likely to occur along the lower side path of the weld interface with decreasing weld surface collapsed amount and increasing aluminum base metal melt depth.     

地基激光清除椭圆轨道空间碎片特性的计算分析

空间碎片对人类航天活动的危害很大,用高能激光减缓其危害性已受到广泛关注.针对地基激光清除椭圆轨道空间碎片问题,提出了单脉冲变轨和多脉冲变轨两种计算分析方法.仿真计算结果表明,碎片初始真近角在100°～150°附近降轨效果最佳;从激光器在地球表面可供布站的区域讲,在碎片真近角180°附近,布站区域最大;当推进激光总作用时间较短或作用距离较小时,单脉冲变轨计算模型和多脉冲变轨计算模型计算结果接近,因此可采用单脉冲变轨计算模型计算结果近似表示多脉冲作用效果.     

激光模切系统功率与运动的同步控制

通过对激光模切的加工中激光控制系统的设计、功率与运动速度的理论研究,并针对三种不同材料进行模切的数据分析,建立了函数关系.结合功率的PID闭环控制方法,实现了对二者的实时控制.最后对三种材料进行异形纸盒的模切实验切缝均匀、效果良好,使该算法得到了肯定.     

面向微纳卫星应用的激光数传技术

针对遥感微纳卫星对地高速数传需求,开展面向微纳卫星的激光数传技术研究,突破微纳卫星激光通信终端星地快速捕获建链和协同高精度稳定跟踪、天基终端轻小型化、复合光电组件等关键技术。完成微纳卫星的天基激光终端和地面激光终端研制,并开展星地传输试验验证,实现 1 230 km、10/50/100 Mbps 的星地数据传输,验证了相关技术,为后续我国微纳卫星对地遥感应用提供了理想的星地数传手段。     

Design of tracking mount and controller for mobile satellite laser ranging system

In this study, we have proposed and implemented a design for the tracking mount and controller of the ARGO-M (Accurate Ranging system for Geodetic Observation - Mobile) which is a mobile satellite laser ranging (SLR) system developed by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) and Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM). The tracking mount comprises a few core components such as bearings, driving motors and encoders. These components were selected as per the technical specifications for the tracking mount of the ARGO-M. A three-dimensional model of the tracking mount was designed. The frequency analysis of the model predicted that the first natural frequency of the designed tracking mount was high enough. The tracking controller is simulated using MATLAB/xPC Target to achieve the required pointing and tracking accuracy. In order to evaluate the system repeatability and tracking accuracy of the tracking mount, a prototype of the ARGO-M was fabricated, and repeatability tests were carried out using a laser interferometer. Tracking tests were conducted using the trajectories of low earth orbit (LEO) and high earth orbit (HEO) satellites. Based on the test results, it was confirmed that the prototype of the tracking mount and controller of the ARGO-M could achieve the required repeatability along with a tracking accuracy of less than 1 arcsec.     

基于加权最小二乘法的大部件对接位姿评估算法研究

本文以定位器支撑的大部件调姿系统为研究对象,通过激光跟踪仪测得大部件上多个测点坐标数据.针对各点在不同坐标系下测量点值不匹配且各点精度要求有差异的问题,提出了最小二乘法评估大部件位姿的模型,并利用权值实现对多个测点数据进行误差分配优化,为大型部件的位置姿态评估计算提供一套有效的解决方案.     

空心角隅棱镜在激光干涉测角中的应用

阐述了激光小角度测量装置中使用的实心角隅棱镜由于制造和安装误差对测量结果所造成的影响,同时提出利用空心角隅棱镜可以解决问题的理论依据,通过应用实验效果对理论给予验证.     

Modeling and Simulation of Pipeline Security Monitoring System Based on Line-Structure Sagnac Interferometer with 3×3Coupler

The third damage action,human disruption behavior,is one of the major threats to pipeline operation.It is necessary to monitor and locate the perturbation behavior that may threat pipeline safety in real-time.Therefore,a new pipeline security monitoring system is designed by using line-structure Sagnac optic fiber interferemeter with the characteristic of 3×3coupler that can modulate the phase of optic signal,with no need for phase modulation and demodulation.The optic structure of the new system is simplified,the signal processing accuracy is improved,and the polarization effect is reduced.The working principle of the monitoring in ideal condition is described,the phase demodulation is analyzed and the location of the possible damage action point is formulated.By using simulink,the optic signal propagation and interference is simulated and interference signals in different frequencies are obtained.The results validate the feasibility of the monitoring system and indicate that the low frequency signal less than 1kHz resulting from the human damage action can be detected.The disturbance set at 10 km can be located by calculating the demodulation signal accurately over a long monitoring distance.