可控固体推进技术研究进展

可控固体推进技术是指在基于含能材料为工质的固体推进剂燃烧过程中,借助一定措施使得推进剂的燃烧方式可控,燃速可调,实现推力可随机控制的推进技术。其可对推进剂燃烧状态进行主动控制,有望从根本上解决固体推进剂发动机推力主动、随机控制等关键技术难题。从推力可控实施方案、对应推进剂类别以及其应用技术等方面对当前可控固体推进技术研究进展进行了综述,并对部分可控固体推进技术中的推力可控实施方案提出了建议。     

微推进系统的轨控发动机动态分析

近年来液体火箭推进系统的小型化有了极大的进展,这些先进的微推进系统是以尺寸小微型化、高压和响应快为特征的,对于这种微推进系统,推导、编制了系统各部件的数学模型,分析研究了轨控发动机在单脉冲工作进程中燃烧室压力和关机过程中推进剂阀门前压力的变化规律.为研究整个微推进系统的动态响应打下基础.      

鸭翼展向吹气对发动机推力损失影响的评估

风洞实验结果表明鸭翼展向吹气能提高飞机大迎角升力,延缓机翼涡破裂,增大飞机失速迎角.但由于鸭翼展向吹气需从发动机引气,这势必对发动机推力和飞机的各项性能产生影响.采用动量定理和耗油率公式对从发动机引气造成的气流质量流量损失、发动机推力损失和对飞机总升力(引气造成的升力损失和鸭翼吹气获得的升力增量之和)的影响等方面进行了评估,并比较了机翼展向吹气与鸭翼展向吹气两种方式.结果表明,鸭翼展向吹气引气量少、推力损失小,对飞机大迎角机动性能有利,是一种可取的间接涡控制技术.      

战斗机过失速机动特征指标的量化评估

战斗机采用过失速机动动作能够有效地提高空战效能和生存能力.利用四元数法建立了带推力矢量的飞机大迎角全量运动方程,依据过失速机动的主要目的"改变机头指向",结合战斗机的机动性和敏捷性,分析了在过失速机动过程中主要运动参数的变化规律,提出了分析评估飞机过失速机动性能优劣的4个指标,即最大配平迎角、从平飞状态拉起到机动迎角和从机动迎角恢复至初始平飞状态的时间、在机动迎角下绕速度矢量滚转并截获90°倾斜角的时间和过失速空战周期,并针对这4个指标开展了相应的全量仿真和量化评估研究,结果表明提出的指标可对过失速机动动作做出有效评估.      

喷流-外流干扰流场数值模拟

 研究了一种适用于推力矢量的内外流干扰复杂流场的数值模拟方法。主要讨论了能灵活处理复杂外形的重叠-搭接网格技术;适于低速大迎角流动及重叠 搭接网格技术的湍流模型以及是否考虑内流的喷流边界条件的定义。在数值模拟方法研究基础上对矢量推力飞机喷流-外流干扰流场进行了分析研究。包括计及喷管内流的内外流干扰流场数值模拟;给定喷管出口边界条件的喷流-外流干扰流场数值模拟;复杂外形引入喷流边界的数值模拟。以上计算反映了喷流对不同外流情况时的流扬的影响和气动力的影响。数值模拟说明,采用重叠-搭接混合网格处理复杂外形,使用恰当的湍流模型可以较好地模拟喷流-外流的干扰流场。     

Experimental Study of Bowed-twisted Stators in an Axial Transonic Fan Stage

Bowed-twisted stators with large camber angles have been developed to replace the conventional tandem stators in an axial transonic fan stage working at high subsonic speeds. Experimental study is carried out on both stages with tandem stators and with bowed-twisted stators. Compared to the tandem stators, the bowed-twisted stators change the distribution of the low-energy fluid and the potential high-energy fluid at the compressor outlets, reduce the endwall loss significantly, improve the aerodynamic matching of rotors and stators, and eventually increase the fan stage performances. The aerodynamic performances of the fan stage at different operating points are compared and contrasted. The results show that the transonic fan stage with bowed-twisted stators has better aerodynamic performances. It is thus suggested that the bowed-twisted stators with large camber angles be popularized into the high-loaded transonic fan designs.     

用Tam-Thies湍流模型研究带小突片的喷管流场特性

 首先,采用标准k-ε模型、可实现（realizable）k-ε模型、重正化群（RNG）k-ε模型和Tam-Thies模型4种湍流模型模拟了不同工况下的两种轴对称喷管和带有4片小突片的喷管流场,并将计算结果与实验值进行对比。结果发现：Tam-Thies模型所得出的模拟结果与实验值符合最好。然后,用Tam-Thies模型模拟了小突片后倾角不同的喷管的流场,和没有小突片的喷管的计算结果对比,发现：带有小突片的喷管的尾喷流的核心区长度变短,喷管出口下游气体的混合加剧;而当小突片后倾角增大时,核心区长度先减小后增大;在每个小突片下游产生一对方向相反、强度相同的流向涡,当小突片后倾角增大时,流向涡强度呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,而喷管的引射系数增益和推力损失系数都逐渐减小。     

Isothermal study of effusion cooling flows using a large eddy simulation approach

An isothermal numerical study of effusion cooling flow is conducted using a large eddy simulation(LES) approach.Two main types of cooling are considered,namely tangential film cooling and oblique patch effusion cooling.To represent tangential film cooling,a simplified model of a plane turbulent wall jet along a flat plate in quiescent surrounding fluid is considered.In contrast to a classic turbulent boundary layer flow,the plane turbulent wall jet possesses an outer free shear flow region,an inner near wall region and an interaction region,characterised by substantial levels of turbulent shear stress transport.These shear stress characteristics hold significant implications for RANS modelling,implications that also apply to more complex tangential film cooling flows with non-zero free stream velocities.The LES technique used in the current study provides a satisfactory overall prediction of the plane turbulent wall jet flow,including the initial transition region,and the characteristic separation of the zero turbulent shear stress and zero shear strain locations.Oblique effusion patch cooling is modelled using a staggered array of 12 rows of effusion holes,drilled at 30° to the flat plate surface.The effusion holes connect two channels separated by the flat plate.Specifically,these comprise of a channel representing the combustion chamber flow and a cooling air supply channel.A difference in pressure between the two channels forces air from the cooling supply side,through the effusion holes,and into the combustion chamber side.Air from successive effusion rows coalesces to form an aerodynamic film between the combustion chamber main flow and the flat plate.In practical applications,this film is used to separate the hot combustion gases from the combustion chamber liner.The numerical model is shown to be capable of accurately predicting the injection,penetration,downstream decay,and coalescence of the effusion jets.In addition,the numerical model captures entrainment of the combustion chamber mainstream flow towards the wall by the presence of the effusion jets.Two contra-rotating vortices,with axes of rotation along the stream-wise direction,are predicted as a result of this entrainment.The presence and characteristics of these vortices are in good agreement with previous published research.      

前缘高频振动对亚声速开式空腔内强噪声影响的数值研究

空腔流动现象广泛存在于各类航空飞行器中,对其包含的多种复杂物理现象的研究具有十分重要的工程及实际意义。采用大涡模拟方法对开式空腔噪声进行数值仿真,并研究了腔体前缘壁面施加高频振动后对腔体内部纯音噪声及模态的影响。研究发现随着壁面振动频率的提高,腔体内部的纯音噪声峰值逐渐降低,当腔体前缘壁面振动频率达到4000 Hz时,腔体内部1阶与2阶模态的纯音噪声峰值分别降低15 dB和17 dB。因此在腔体前缘壁面施加高频振动能显著地降低腔体内部的纯音噪声,为扩展开式空腔的工程应用奠定了良好的理论基础。     

多点集中力下高超进气道弹性变几何研究

针对二元高超声速进气道需在宽马赫数Ma为4.5～6.0的范围内工作的要求,探索了一种在多点集中力作用下进气道曲面压缩面弹性可调的变几何方案.通过数值计算,首先对集中力数目的选取进行了研究,发现3个集中力对型面变形更为有效;然后对在3个集中力作用下产生变形的进气道进行了流固耦合分析,结果表明变形型面的静压分布与理想型面的静压分布基本吻合;对其性能进行分析,结果表明:Ma为6.0设计的进气道,变形后在Ma为4.5,5.0流量系数分别达到0.98和1.00,且出口总压恢复系数与未变形的进气道相比基本保持不变.由此说明,多点集中力下弹性可调的变几何方案是可行的,并有助于提高非设计点下进气道的性能.