空客飞机主起舱门作动筒接头超声波检测

空客针对龙骨梁主起舱门作动筒接头有可能产生裂纹的问题下发服务通告,提出需要对主起舱门作动筒接头进行无损检测。本文介绍了采用超声波仪器进行此检测的操作方法,并对操作中遇到的一些难点进行具体分析。     

Land use/land cover classification using time series Landsat 8 images in a heavily urbanized area

It is of great significance to timely, accurately, and effectively monitor land use/cover in city regions for the reasonable development and utilization of urban land resources. The remotely sensed dynamic monitoring of Land use/land cover (LULC) in rapidly developing city regions has increasingly depended on remote-sensing data at high temporal and spatial resolutions. However, due to the influence of revisiting periods and weather, it is difficult to acquire enough time-series images with high quality at both high temporal and spatial resolution from the same sensor. In this paper we used the temporal-spatial fusion model ESTARFM (Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model) to blend Landsat8 and MODIS data and obtain time-series Landsat8 images. Then, land cover information is extracted using an object-based classification method. In this study, the proposed method is validated by a case study of the Changsha City. The results show that the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient were 94.38% and 0.88, respectively, and the user/producer accuracies of vegetation types were all over 85%. Our approach provides an accurate and efficient technical method for the effective extraction of land use/cover information in the highly heterogeneous regions.     

Sea level trend over Malaysian seas from multi-mission satellite altimetry and vertical land motion corrected tidal data

Rise in sea levels is one of the disastrous effects of climate change. A relatively small increase in sea level could affect natural coastal systems. In a study of long-term changes in sea level and measurements of postglacial rebound, monitoring vertical land motion (VLM) is of crucial interest. This study presents an approach to estimate precise sea level trends based on a combination of multi-sensor techniques in the Malaysian region over 19?years. In this study, satellite altimeters (SALT) were used to derive absolute sea levels (ASLs). Tide gauge (TG) stations along the coast of Malaysia were utilised to derive the rate of relative sea levels using sea level changes and VLMs. To obtain ASL at TGs, VLM at these stations were computed using Global Positioning System (GPS), Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS InSAR), and SALT minus TG. The computed VLMs mostly show similarities in signs rather than magnitude. The findings from the multi-sensor techniques showed that regional sea level trends ranged from 2.65?±?0.86?mm/yr to 6.03?±?0.79?mm/yr for chosen sub-areas, with an overall mean of 4.47?±?0.71?mm/yr and overall subsidence. This information is expected to be valuable for a wide variety of climatic applications and for studying environmental issues related to flooding and global warming in Malaysia.     

一种航空发动机陆运减震装置的研制

充分调研了国内外各型航空发动机陆运情况,在不改变现有航空发动机包装箱结构和运输车辆类型的前提下,研制了一种安放于包装箱和运输车辆之间的陆运减震装置,有效地避免了航空发动机在陆运过程中由于震动所导致的一系列装机故障。     

Built-up land mapping capabilities of the ASTER and Landsat ETM+ sensors in coastal areas of southeastern China

Worldwide urbanization has accelerated expansion of urban built-up lands and resulted in substantial negative impacts on the global environments. Precisely measuring the urban sprawl is becoming an increasing need. Among the satellite-based earth observation systems, the Landsat and ASTER data are most suitable for mesoscale measurements of urban changes. Nevertheless, to date the difference in the capability of mapping built-up land between the two sensors is not clear. Therefore, this study compared the performances of the Landsat-7 ETM+ and ASTER sensors for built-up land mapping in the coastal areas of southeastern China. The comparison was implemented on three date-coincident image pairs and achieved by using three approaches, including per-band-based, index-based, and classification-based comparisons. The index used is the Index-based Built-up Index (IBI), while the classification algorithm employed is the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results show that in the study areas, ETM+ and ASTER have an overall similar performance in built-up land mapping but also differ in several aspects. The IBI values determined from ASTER were consistently higher than from ETM+ by up to 45.54% according to percentage difference. The ASTER also estimates more built-up land area than ETM+ by 5.9–6.3% estimated with the IBI-based approach or 3.9–6.1% with the SVM classification. The differences in the spectral response functions and spatial resolution between relative spectral bands of the two sensors are attributed to these different performances.     

热塑性复合材料原位成型过程铺层间结合强度

连续纤维增强热塑性复合材料自动铺放原位成型可以实现结构件在制造过程中一次成型,而不需进入热压罐后处理,属于"非热压罐"制造技术,故原位成型过程中铺层间的结合强度将直接决定最终结构件的性能。通过建立铺层间紧密接触模型及高温高压下分子链扩散模型,预测原位成型过程中铺层间的结合强度与成型工艺参数之间的关系,对原位成型工艺参数进行优化,并通过试验验证模型的正确性。试验结果表明,模型预测结果与试验结果基本相符,通过计算发现,压辊压力达到1500 N时,铺层间的紧密接触度才能达到1;通过提高升温速率的方式缩短分子链的扩散时间;原位成型试片的层间剪切强度（ILSS）仅达到热压罐成型的70%左右,因此还需对原位成型试片性能的其他影响因素进行分析。     

新型环氧-酚醛树脂体系的固砂原理与技术

为了在低成本下解决低温油井中的化学防砂问题,采用共混的方法制备了一种以环氧树脂和酚醛树脂为主要原料,且无需其他固化剂的新型树脂固砂剂,并在固砂剂的研究基础上初步研制了树脂涂覆砂.通过红外光谱分析,研究了树脂固化的机理.实验结果表明,固砂剂可在50?℃的水浴中将砂石固结,固结砂样具有较高的抗压强度和渗透率,而且随着树脂用量的增加,固结砂样的抗压强度可以进一步得到提高.涂覆砂可以在酚醛树脂作为外固化剂的情况下固结,其性能满足使用要求.酚醛树脂中的酚羟基和羟甲基与环氧树脂中的环氧基的反应是固化反应的主要机理.     

基于伪光谱方法月球软着陆轨道快速优化设计

根据软着陆轨道的特征和优化算法的特点,对探月器软着陆轨道状态方程进行合理的转化处理,使其更适合优化数值解法求解。在此基础上,使用伪光谱方法将软着陆轨道优化问题转为一个约束参数优化问题,然后采用乘子法处理约束条件,采用变尺度法求解处理后的参数优化问题,仿真结果表明此方法具有收敛速度快、对初始控制量不敏感、鲁棒性强的优点。     

江苏海涂围垦最优决策

根据江苏省海涂资源的特点及开发利用现状，从全局和长远经济效益现值最大的观点出发，对各片海涂的上地利用作了优化和最优开发决策，从而进一步对多片海涂匡围进度进行最优决策。解决了海涂开发与匡围过程中的最优投资分配问题，建立了解决这一问题的通用数学模型。该模型将复杂的决策优化过程化为线性规划与０～１规划相结合的层次体系，通过协调求解。方法简便、实用。     

车载惯性稳瞄/寻北组合系统研究

研究了适用于坦克等陆用战车上的一种全新的惯性自寻北/稳瞄组合系统.该系统对战车上的稳瞄平台增加一些惯性器件以及相应控制回路,使其同时具有了寻北功能.本方案采用双位置寻北计算法,经过两次对准,解算出方位角,且对方位及水平两轴同时进行陀螺漂移的解算及补偿,从而进一步提高了寻北精度.本系统可以在车载条件下,停车完成自动寻北,寻北时间小于5.5min;本系统还具有在机动时进行方位保持、实时提供载体倾斜角和俯仰角等功能.