Rapid impactor sample return (RISR) mission scenario

Due to the long lead time and great expense of traditional sample return mission plans to Mars or other astronomical bodies, there is a need for a new and innovative way to return materials, potentially at a lower cost. The Rapid Impactor Sample Return (RISR) mission is one such proposal. The general mission scenario involves a single pass of Mars, a Martian moon or an asteroid at high speeds (7 km/s), with the sample return vehicle skimming just 1 or 2 m above a high point (such as a top ridge on Olympus Mons on Mars) and releasing an impactor. The impactor strikes the ground, throwing up debris. The debris with roughly the same forward velocity will be captured by the sample return vehicle and returned to Earth. There is no delay or orbit in the vicinity of Mars or the asteroid: RISR is a one-pass mission. This paper discusses some of the details of the proposal. Calculations are presented that address the question of how much material can be recovered with this technique. There are concerns about the effect of Mars tenuous atmosphere. However, it will be noted that such issues do not occur for RISR style missions to Phobos, Deimos, or asteroids and Near Earth Objects (NEOs). Recent test results in the missile defense community (IFTs 6–8 in 2001, 2002) have scored direct hits at better than 1 m accuracy with closing velocities of 7.6 km/s, giving the belief that accuracy and sensing issues are developed to a point that the RISR mission scenario is feasible.     

不要帧同步的话音置乱矩阵一般型研究

本文在相位角θ为任意值的情况下,推出了不要帧同步的话音置乱矩阵的一种新形式。如采用这种置乱矩阵对话音加密,密钥量至少增加1倍。计算结果表明:当θ取线性相位角时,该置乱矩阵和原来的形式一致。     

畸变图谱的绘制

本文介绍了一种用绘图仪绘制畸变图谱的技术,並讨论了数值逼近方法及边界条件对图谱的影响。文中建议用二元三次样条逼近压力分布来求得密网格节点上的压力值。文中的绘图技术也可用来绘制温度畸变图谱和其他类型的等值图。     

南京航空航天大学的实验空气动力学研究

介绍了近１０年来南京航空航天大学在实验空气动力学研究方向的进展。南航已经建成了规模较大，较为完善配套的高、低速风洞试验设备，并利用这些设备进行了大量的空气动力学的实验研究。特别是在边界层、尾流旋涡、非定常流、流动控制、航空声学，以及相应的测试技术方面，获得了一大批高水平的研究成果。     

三维零件图形绘制方法的研究与实践

文章从零件结构的特征分析、草图绘制、生成工程图3个方面，结合SolidWorks2001软件阐述了机械设计中三维图形绘制的构思和技巧，并介绍了三维图形绘制中常用的3种实用技术。     

硬式空中加油机发展趋势及设计技术分析

空中加油技术在一定程度上体现了一国空军实力,该技术一直受到广泛关注。本文综述了硬式空中 加油机的发展情况,提出了硬式空中加油机的划代概念。结合五代空中加油机的特点和性能,给出硬式空中加油机的主要技术特征,指出硬式空中加油技术的发展趋势,总结出硬式加油装置研究的总体布局设计技术、结构和机构设计技术、控制系统设计技术等关键技术,为未来装备变革提供技术支撑。     

Autonomous space target tracking through state estimation techniques via ground-based passive optical telescope

The presence of operational satellites or small-body space debris is a challenge for autonomous ground-based space object observation. Although most space objects exceeding 10?cm in diameter have been cataloged, the position of each space object (based on six orbital parameters) remains important and should be updated periodically, as the Earth’s orbital perturbations cause disturbances. Modern ground-based passive optical telescopes equipped with complementary metal-oxide semiconductors have become widely used in astrometry engineering, being combined with image processing techniques for target signal enhancement. However, the detection and tracking performance of this equipment when employed with image processing techniques primarily depends on the size and brightness of the space target, which appears on the monitor screen under variable background interference conditions. A small and dim target has a highly sensitive tracking error compared to a bright target. Moreover, most image processing techniques for target signal enhancement require large computational power and memory; therefore, automatic tracking of a space target is difficult. The present work investigates autonomous space target detection and tracking to achieve high-sensitivity detection and improved tracking ability for non-Gaussian and dynamic backgrounds with a simple system mechanism and computational efficiency. We develop an improved particle filter (PF) using the ensemble Kalman filter (KF) for track-before-detect (TBD) frameworks, by modifying and optimizing the computational formula for our non-linear measurement function. We call this extended version the “ensemble Kalman PF-TBD (EnKPF-TBD).” Three sequential astronomical image datasets taken by the Asia-Pacific Ground-Based Optical Space Objects Observation System (APOSOS) telescope under different conditions are used to evaluate three proposed TBD baseline frameworks. Given an optimal random sample size, the EnKPF-TBD exhibits superior performance to PF-TBD and threshold-based unscented KF with two-dimensional peak search (2dPS). The EnKPF-TBD scheme achieves satisfactory performance for all variable background interference conditions, especially for a small and dim space target, in terms of tracking accuracy and computational efficiency.     

多电航空发动机研究现况及关键技术

多电发动机作为多电飞机的核心部件,受到欧美国家的高度重视。介绍了国内外多电发动机的总体研究现状和发展趋势,重点分析了整体式起动／发电机、磁浮轴承、电动燃油泵和电动作动器等多电发动机核心部件的技术特点和性能优势,同时对内置式整体起动／发电机技术、高温主动磁浮轴承技术和分布式控制技术等多电发动机的关键支撑技术进行了讨论。多电发动机结构紧凑、重量轻等优势必将使其得到应用及发展。     

公开密钥数字签名算法研究

数字签名是密码学中的重要课题之一,它是传统文件手写签名的模拟,能够实现用户对以电子形式存放的消息的验证。当算法公开时,在计算上不可能由加密密钥求解解密密钥,因而可以将加密密钥公开,即公开密钥。RSA密码是一种利用因数分解的困难性而设计的公钥密码。本文详述了RSA加密算法的实现以及如何利用RSA实现数字签名。     

航天器二次电源的低温工作特性研究

由于航天器在深空探测中处于低温环境中,其二次电源的低温工作特性尤为重要。文章首先介绍了航天器二次电源的供电结构;再从组成二次电源的关键元器件着手,对功率半导体器件（功率MOS管和功率二极管）、PWM控制芯片的低温特性进行深入探讨;最后对一个25W/5.8V输出的航天器二次电源在-35~80℃温度范围内工作的试验数据展开分析,这些工作可为后续深空探测任务的实施提供技术储备。