基于热管散热平台的热光伏系统实验研究

针对深空探测同位素电源的发展需求,设计了一套基于热管散热平台的热光伏系统,采用分离型热管实现了热光伏系统的热控要求,并实验验证了热光伏系统的热电转换性能。研究了加热功率、充液量对热管启动特性、壁面温度的影响,分析了辐射器温度、电池温度对系统电输出特性的影响,并对系统的转换效率进行了评估,结果表明：采用热管散热器可有效将半导体电池温度控制于25℃以下,在辐射器温度为1 173℃时,系统热电转换效率达到12.1%。     

A fast tearing mode instability driven by agyrotropic electron pressure

The collisionless plasma environment at the current sheet of the Earth’s magnetotail is subjected to fast dynamic evolutions such as tearing instability. By considering agyrotropic pressure for electron and ion components of a collisionless plasma, we analytically investigate the dynamics of tearing mode instability, in which, breaking the frozen-in condition can either be provided by the electron inertia or by agyrotropic electron pressure. A set of linearized Hall-Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations describes the evolution of tearing mode in a sheared force-free field. The presented scaling analysis shows that if the plasma-β$\beta$ exceeds a specified value, then the main mechanism of magnetic reconnection process is the nongyrotropic electron pressure. In this regime, the role played by agyrotropic ion pressure inside the reconnection layer is out of significance. Therefore, the electron-MHD framework, adequately, describes the dynamics of tearing instability with a growth rate which is much faster compared to the cases with a dominated bulk inertia or a gyrotropic plasma pressure.     

火星尘埃对太阳电池阵的影响与电帘除尘研究

火星表面大量尘埃在太阳电池阵表面的累积将会导致其输出功率下降,甚至使太阳电池阵功能失效。近年来,电帘除尘方法被认为是在火星着陆任务中进行尘埃防护最有效的手段之一。本文开展了火星尘埃累积对三结砷化镓太阳电池性能影响的实验研究,得到了火星尘埃累积量与太阳电池电压、电流和相对输出功率数值模型;通过除尘技术分析,确定电帘除尘装置构型;依据制备得到的除尘电帘,对不同火星尘埃累积下电帘的除尘效率进行了研究,为火星着陆太阳电池阵遥测数据分析和开发自适应除尘太阳电池阵提供有力的技术支持。     

一种无加热器的电推进用空心阴极

电推力器在国际上已得到广泛应用.目前应用的电推力器,启动时间较长,无法用于需要快速响应的场合.空心阴极是造成电推力器启动时间较长的根本原因.无加热器阴极是一种新型空心阴极,可使得电推力器的启动时间缩短至1 s之内,大大提升电推进系统的响应特性,而且还可以提高电推进系统的稳态工作性能和可靠性.本文介绍无加热器阴极的基本工作原理和应用优势,详细论述无加热器阴极的研究进展,提出突破无加热器阴极技术需要攻克的关键技术.     

钡钨空心阴极放电等离子体特性实验研究

空心阴极作为电推力器的核心部件之一,其放电等离子体特性对空心阴极的性能和可靠性具有决定性的作用。采用实验的方法,使用朗谬尔静电探针置于钡钨空心阴极放电出口处,诊断和分析了钡钨空心阴极出口处的放电等离子体特性随阴极推进剂流量和放电电流的变化规律,结果表明:阴极推进剂流量和放电电流对空心阴极放电等离子体特性具有比较明显的影响,各等离子体参量随阴极推进剂流量和放电电流均有明显的变化,其中,电子数密度随阴极推进剂流量和放电电流的增大而上升,等离子体电势随阴极推进剂流量和放电电流的增大而下降,电子温度随阴极推进剂流量的增加而下降,随放电电流的增大有略微升高,而且,放电电流对放电等离子体特性具有更显著的影响。     

分布式涵道风扇喷流对后置机翼的气动性能影响

以分布式电推进（DEP）垂直起降（VTOL）无人机（UAVs）为研究背景,采用基于混合网格技术及k-ω SST湍流模型求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes （RANS）方程的多重参考系（MRF）/动量源方法（MSM）,对分布式涵道风扇-机翼构型的喷流气动特性进行了高精度准定常的数值模拟。通过对涵道单元/涵道-机翼的实验验证了零来流条件下数值计算方法的可靠性和高效性,进而对分布式涵道风扇-机翼构型的气动优势进行了分析讨论,最后对分布式涵道风扇的转速、间距、涵道风扇旋转方向等因素进行了数值模拟。研究表明：相比于单个涵道风扇,分布式涵道风扇通过喷流的耦合作用大大提升了机翼的气动特性;分布式涵道风扇不同转速的喷流对截面翼型的压力分布和周围流场的速度分布影响具有一定的相似性,但具体数值随转速变化;分布式涵道风扇间距的增大会改善涵道风扇单元的拉力特性,机翼的气动特性会随之降低;涵道风扇合理的旋转方向不仅会使得下翼面喷流区域的高压过渡更加平缓,静压数值更加连续,而且内侧涵道风扇也会被外侧喷流所激励,对机翼的升力特性产生更好的诱导效果。     

Comprehensive sizing and optimization method for series-hybrid unmanned convertiplane

This paper presents a novel sizing and optimization approach for the emerging series-hybrid unmanned convertiplane, which can be used to translate the top-level design requirements into the design parameters corresponding to the optimal power supply strategy and minimum total takeoff weight. The method comprehensively considers the design constraints in the rotor, fixed-wing, and transition modes, and pays special attention to the characteristic response of Series Hybrid Electric System (S-HES) in complex application scenarios, especially the coupling of battery power, energy, and state-of-charge under high-power discharge conditions, the variation of fuel economy, and the adjustment of power supply strategy. With proposed method, it’s possible to rapidly explore the design space in the initial design stage and find out the optimal design results with high confidence. A case study was proposed to verify the approach. The results reveal the particularity of convertiplane in terms of power requirements, and prove the necessity to consider detailed S-HES characteristic responses during parameter determination. The optimal design parameters were obtained through the hybrid control parameter optimization, which verified the effectiveness of proposed method. Possible errors and corresponding correction methods were also presented.     

电化学储能材料与技术研究进展

电化学储能材料与技术是解决清洁能源利用、转换和储存的关键。本文阐述了近年来电化学储能材料与技术研究进展,包括超级电容器、锂离子电池及锂硫电池等;重点介绍了南京航空航天大学江苏省能量转换材料与技术重点实验室在这方面取得的科研成果;同时分析了目前各种电化学储能材料与技术存在的主要问题;最后展望了电化学储能材料与技术的发展趋势和应用前景。     

电推进真空热环境试验研究现状及关键技术

电推进是空间任务的重要推进手段,也是急需发展的空间技术之一。为了评价电推进装置的有效性和可靠性,需要在地面开展各种验证试验,其中有热环境试验。文章对电推进装置的热环境试验技术发展现状进行了跟踪研究,结合国外热环境模拟设备的研制使用情况,梳理出热环境试验相关的关键技术,就我国电推进热环境试验技术和试验设备提出了发展建议。     

Effect of grain refinement on cutting force of difficult-to-cut metals in ultra-precision machining

The nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 is treated with Coupled Ultrasonic and Electric Pulse Treatment(CUEPT), and the surface grain is refined from the average size of 9550.0 nm to287.9, 216.3, 150.5, 126.3, 25.8 nm by different effective treatment currents, respectively. The ultraprecision turning experiments are carried out on the processed workpiece after CUEPT. The experimental results show that the average cutting force increases with the decrease of surface grain size.Moreover, a mathema...