利用双目标优化寻求颤振抑制控制律

本文对一个三角机翼/外挂系统的颤振主动抑制进行了系统的研究。在理论上,对如何应用现代控制理论设计优化控制律进行了探讨;对非定常气动力拟合的Pade矩阵近似作了改进;提出了用理想极点和二次型性能指标进行双目标优化来确定加权矩阵的思想;在实现上,用状态观测器和单秩法极点配置两种方法设计了输出反馈控制律。风洞实验结果表明:用本文的方法所综合的控制律是合适有效的,成功地使机翼/外挂系统的颤振速度提高了15.7％,与理论计算结果吻合良好。     

基于微型涡喷发动机热喷流的无源流体推力矢量喷管的控制规律

流体推力矢量喷管型面固定、活动部件少、结构重量轻，能够为高机动飞行器提供有效的飞行控制手段，但无源流体推力矢量喷管热喷流的偏转控制规律尚未完全掌握。为了推进无源流体推力矢量技术的实用化，本文设计研制了适用于微型涡喷发动机的耐高温喷管模型，对该喷管在微型涡喷发动机热喷流状态下的控制规律进行研究。利用非接触光学显示和测量手段——红外热成像拍摄和粒子图像测速（PIV）技术对主射流流动特性进行研究，获得流动矢量角随二次流控制阀门闭合度变化的控制规律；利用六分量盒式天平测力实验研究无源流体推力矢量喷管的力学特性，获得推力矢量角随二次流控制阀门闭合度变化的控制规律。研究结果表明：该构型喷管在微型涡喷发动机热喷流下主射流连续可控偏转，最大流动矢量角为-12.3°/12.3°，最大推力矢量角为-12.9°/12.8°，控制规律接近线性，不存在主射流偏转突跳问题。     

A simple control law for reducing the effective characteristic acceleration of a solar sail

The direction and magnitude of a solar sail acceleration are strongly related. For this reason, once the characteristic acceleration has been fixed, it is not possible to modulate the acceleration in a particular direction. In this work, a semi-analytical switching control law is derived, enabling a solar sail to emulate a smaller effective characteristic acceleration (without changes in geometry or optical properties); by periodically changing the pitch (cone) angle of the sail, in average over time, the acceleration produced by the sail matches exactly (in both direction and magnitude) that of a “smaller” sail. The range in which this is possible is determined, and the limitations on this range due to the size difference is computed. The method is validated on optimal Earth-Mars trajectories.     

基于层次评估理论的弹道导弹末段突防制导律研究

针对弹道导弹末段突防问题,应用层次性能评估体系,对弹道导弹末段典型突防制导律进行对比分析.并通过对弹道导弹制导精度、弹道导弹最大过载、弹道飞行时间和反导导弹脱靶量以及它们的均值、均方差的重要性和需求性分析,合理设置评估体系的指标及其权值,应用随机仿真分析方法,对比仿真经典比例导引、修正比例导引和变结构比例导引三种突防制导律的性能.仿真结果证明,层次评估理论可以用于弹道导弹末段突防制导律的评估及优选.     

基于等 Weber 数的结冰外形修正

由于设备条件的限制,在进行结冰风洞试验时,试验 Weber 数与目标 Weber 数往往存在差异,为了获得与目标 Weber 数对应的冰形,需要对试验结果进行修正。本文分析了进行 Weber 数修正的原因,提出了根据几何特征量进行结冰外形修正的方法,并以某超临界翼型为对象,对不同 Weber 条件下的结冰外形进行了仿真,研究了Weber 数变化对结冰的影响规律,在此基础上开展了基于等 Weber 数的结冰外形修正。研究发现：(1)Weber 数主要影响冰角特征,对水滴收集特性、结冰极限及驻点冰厚度影响较小;(2)存在一个敏感 Weber 数,低于敏感值时, Weber 数变化对结冰影响不大,当 Weber 数高于敏感值时,Weber 数变化对结冰有明显影响;(3)采用本文提出的冰形修正方法,能保证冰形的宏观轮廓与目标冰形一致,修正后的冰形能适量消除由于 Weber 数误差导致的冰形差异,提高试验的精度。     

Dynamic modeling and analysis of vortex filament motion using a novel curve-fitting method

Applications of a novel curve-fitting technique are presented to efficiently predict the motion of the vortex filament, which is trailed from a rigid body such as wings and rotors. The governing equations of the motion, when a Lagrangian approach with the present curve-fitting method is applied, can be transformed into an easily solvable form of the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The applicability of Be′zier curves, B-spline, and Lagrange interpolating polynomials is investigated. Local Lagrange interpolating polynomials with a shift operator are proposed as the best selection for applications, since it provides superior system characteristics with minimum computing time, compared to other methods. In addition, the Gauss quadrature formula with local refinement strategy has been developed for an accurate prediction of the induced velocity computed with the line integration of the Biot–Savart law. Rotary-wing problems including a vortex ring problem are analyzed to show the efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility in the applications of the proposed method.     

大型飞机迎角保护控制律设计及试飞技术研究

针对大型飞机迎角保护控制律设计及试飞问题,通过杆位移-过载梯度的实时精确调整及取大值逻辑指令切换,设计了迎角保护控制律,实现拉杆到底飞机迎角达到且不超过限制迎角的目的。根据迎角保护控制律的功能及试飞目的,将整个试飞过程分为三个阶段,研究了各个阶段的试飞技术。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制律能够实现迎角保护功能,具有良好的控制效果。     

三维自适应终端滑模协同制导律

针对多枚导弹协同作战的问题,且多枚导弹之间保持有向拓扑通信的条件下,基于终端滑模法设计了视线方向及视线法向的双层协同制导律。其中,视线方向的制导指令能够保证导弹同时完成拦截任务;视线法向上的三维制导律能够保证每枚导弹以期望的视线角攻击目标,从而发挥各枚导弹的最大杀伤力,并且视线角的约束相当于规划了末制导段导弹的弹道问题,在一定程度上避免攻击目标前导弹间发生碰撞。同时,针对所设计的滑模制导律设计了新的自适应律,从而加快了滑模面的收敛速度并且削弱了由符号函数引起的系统抖振现象。基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,证明了所设计制导律的正确性,并在最后给出了数学仿真实验,验证了所设计制导律的有效性及优越性。     

Optimization and verification of free flight separation similarity law in high-speed wind tunnel

Based on the similarity of separation time, a similarity law optimization method for high-speed weapon delivery test is derived. The typical separation state under wind load is simulated by the numerical method. The real separation data of aircraft, separation data of previous test methods, separation data of ideal wind tunnel test of previous methods, and simulation data of the proposed optimization method are obtained. A comparison of the data shows that the method proposed can improve the performance of tracking. Similarity law optimization starts with the development of motion equations and dynamic equations in the windless state to address the problems of mismatching between vertical and horizontal displacement, and to address the problems of separation trajectory distortion caused by insufficient gravity acceleration of the scaling model of existing light model. The ejection velocity of the model is taken as a factor/vector, and is adjusted reasonably to compensate the linear displacement insufficiency caused by the insufficient vertical acceleration of the light model method, so as to ensure the matching of the vertical and horizontal displacement of the projectile, and to improve the consistency between the test results of high-speed projection and the actual separation trajectory. The optimized similarity law is applicable to many existing free-throwing modes of high-speed wind tunnels. The optimized similarity law is not affected by the ejection velocity and hanging mode of the projectile. The optimized similarity law is suitable not only for the launching of the buried ammunition compartment and external stores, but also for the test design of projectile launching and gravity separation.