大涡模拟超声速两相流混合层的非线性分析

为研究超声速两相流混合机理,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法数值仿真了超声速混合层内液滴两相流流场结构.用二维盒式滤波法处理可压缩气相N-S方程,得到亚格子形式的LES控制方程;用轨道模型仿真液滴运动,并用单液滴蒸发模型模拟液滴蒸发过程.利用伪邻近法和互信息量法确定了相空间重构的嵌入维数和时间延迟,对混合层压力时间序列进行了相空间重构.分析了仿真结果中混合层的涡结构特性和液滴对流场的反作用效果,并讨论了混合层失稳过程的非线性特征.发现混合层发展的不同阶段与其系统的非线性特征值密切相关.      

基于实验的发动机插板式进气畸变压力谐振分析

某型涡扇发动机插板式进气畸变实验中,当插板升高到35%以上,进气截面各个测点畸变扰动出现约为32 Hz大幅振荡.用气流压力波动方程计算了进气道容腔谐振频率为34 Hz.表明该谐振是由插板与发动机之间的容腔引起的.不同转速和流量下,计算和实验的结果都基本稳定.由分析可知:150 Hz以下脉动压力是大幅稳定和周期性的.高频部分主要是小幅随机压力脉动,其速率和加速度变化比较剧烈.在发动机喘振前,谐振频率压力振荡能量大大增加,其它低频和高频成分能量迅速减少,形成典型的谐振型压力振荡.      

自耦合射流激励同向气流掺混的数值研究

针对同向两股气流掺混的某一特定物理模型,对自耦合射流作用下的气流掺混过程进行了数值模拟研究以揭示激励参数对于同向两股气流掺混的影响.与未施加自耦合射流激励的掺混过程相比,自耦合射流周期性的吹/吸诱导流场内产生复杂的大尺度涡系结构,使得同向两股气流形成对流型混合,有效缩减了主流核心区长度;随着自耦合激励器驱动频率和驱动振幅的增大,自耦合射流出口附近的涡强度增强,同向两股气流掺混效果得到有效改善.      

新型组合预测模型在空中交通流量预测的应用

民航运输业的快速发展使空中交通流量迅猛增加,如何准确预测未来的交通流量是关乎到行业资源高效分配、战略合理部署的一个重要问题。因此,国内外众多专家对空中交通流量的预测进行了大量研究．提出了诸多模型和方法。针对目前空中交通流量预测中存在的缺陷与不足,提出并建立了一种适用于民航的新型组合预测模型。将趋势外推法拟合的结果作为多元回归分析法的复合时间变量组,并利用主成份分析法实现了复合时间变量组与其他影响因素变量的有机结合,建立了趋势外推法和多元回归分析法的组合预测模型。以上海终端区的空中交通流量预测为例,借助SPSS数据统计软件进行研究分析,通过对预测结果的各项精度检验,与传统方法相比较,证实本预测模型的优越性。     

Driving major solar flares and eruptions: A review

This review focuses on the processes that energize and trigger M- and X-class solar flares and associated flux-rope destabilizations. Numerical modeling of specific solar regions is hampered by uncertain coronal-field reconstructions and by poorly understood magnetic reconnection; these limitations result in uncertain estimates of field topology, energy, and helicity. The primary advances in understanding field destabilizations therefore come from the combination of generic numerical experiments with interpretation of sets of observations. These suggest a critical role for the emergence of twisted flux ropes into pre-existing strong field for many, if not all, of the active regions that produce M- or X-class flares. The flux and internal twist of the emerging ropes appear to play as important a role in determining whether an eruption will develop predominantly as flare, confined eruption, or CME, as do the properties of the embedding field. Based on reviewed literature, I outline a scenario for major flares and eruptions that combines flux-rope emergence, mass draining, near-surface reconnection, and the interaction with the surrounding field. Whether deterministic forecasting is in principle possible remains to be seen: to date no reliable such forecasts can be made. Large-sample studies based on long-duration, comprehensive observations of active regions from their emergence through their flaring phase are needed to help us better understand these complex phenomena.     

Possible physical properties of the flow in the vicinity of the heliopause

An interface between the fully ionized hydrogen plasma of the solar wind (SW) and the partially ionized hydrogen gas flow of the local interstellar medium (LISM) is formed as a region where there is a strong interaction between these two flows. The interface is bounded by the solar wind termination shock (TS) and the LISM bow shock (BS) and is separated on two regions by the heliopause (HP) separating the solar wind and charged component of the LISM (plasma component below). The BS is formed due to the deceleration of the supersonic LISM flow relative to the solar system. Regions of the interface between the TS and HP and between the HP and BS were in literature named as the inner and outer heliosheaths, respectively. An investigation of the structure and physical properties of the heliosheath is at present especially interested due to the fact that Voyager-1 and Voyager-2 have crossed the TS in December 2004 (Burlaga, L.F., Ness, N.F., Acuna, M.Y., et al. Crossing the termination shock into the the heliosheath. Magnetic fields. Science 309, 2027–2029, 2005; Fisk, L.A. Journey into the unknown beyond. Science 309, 2016–2017, 2005; Decker, R.B., Krimigis, S.M., Roelof, E.C., et al. Voyager 1 in the foreshock, termination shock and heliosheath. Science 309, 2020–2024, 2005; Stone, E.C., Cummings, A.C., McDonald, F.B., et al. Voyager 1 explores the termination shock region and the heliosheath beyond. Science 309, 2017–2020, 2005) and in September 2007 (Jokipii, J.R. A shock for Voyager 2. Nature 454, 38–39, 2008; Gurnett, D.A., Kurth, W.S. Intense plasma waves at and near the solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 78–80, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07023; Wang, L., Lin, R.P., Larson, D.E., Luhmann, J.G. Domination of heliosheath pressure by shock-accelerated pickup ions from observations of neutral atoms. Nature 454, 81–83, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07068.14; Burlaga, L.F., Ness, N.F., Acuna, M.H., et al. Magnetic fields at the solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 75–77, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07029; Richardson, J.D., Kasper, J.C., Wang, C., et al. Cool heliosheath plasma and deceleration of the upstream solar wind at the termination shock. Nature 454, 63–66, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07024; Stone, E.C., Cummings, A.C., McDonald, F.B., et al. An asymmetric solar wind termination shock. Nature 454, 71–74, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature07022; Decker, R.B., Krimigis, S.M., Roelof, E.C., et al. Mediation of the solar wind termination shock by non-thermal ions. Nature 454, 67–70, 2008. doi: 10.1038/nature 07030), respectively, and entered to the inner heliosheath.     

基于FPGA的可变尺寸块运动估计高效结构

针对可变尺寸块运动估计(VBSME,Variable Block-Size Motion Estimation)的硬件结构在现场可编程门阵列(FPGA, Field Programmable Gate Array)上实现时消耗资源多且速度慢的问题,提出了一种面积和速度优化的VBSME硬件结构.其中,绝对差累加和(SAD,Sum of Absolute Differences)的计算采用基于随机存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)的累加计算方式,比基于寄存器合并的方式节省了面积并增加了速度;通过采用脉动比较链而非总线结构,增强了多个SAD值的比较能力,并能高效地实现对部分差排除算法(PDE,Partial Difference Elimination)的支持.基于Virtex-II型FPGA器件,本结构消耗了2261个slice,时钟频率达到164MHz,在搜索窗口为16×16时可实时处理标清格式的视频.与同类设计相比,设计的面积可减少77%,速度增加218%,FPGA的硬件效率显著提升.     

微重力板式贮箱推进剂重定位的数值仿真

板式表面张力贮箱内推进剂重定位对确定推进剂分布情况、研究晃动影响、提高控制精度等具有重要意义．为研究板式贮箱内推进剂重定位的规律,对微重力下板式贮箱内液体重定位问题进行数值仿真．计算时使用三维非定常两相流动流体（VOF）模型,对某一板式贮箱寿命末期在不同微重力加速度情况下各种重定位过程进行数值仿真,得到各种工况下重定位的全过程,以及定位后推进剂的分布情况．数值仿真结果为板式贮箱的设计提供有利依据．     

高超声速球锥组合体流场数值分析

用数值模拟法研究了高超声速球锥组合体的层流流场特性与热行为,给出了流场计算方法与格式。研究结果表明：球锥组合体压缩拐角在高超声速下出现流动分离,其流动特性受壁面温度的影响极大;提高壁面温度使压缩拐点处分离点位置前移,再附点位置后移,涡心位置提高,分离范围扩大,同时降低球锥组合体热流的分布,球锥组合体头部热流明显减小。