飞机隔热结构热桥效应分析与实验

针对飞机隔热结构中金属筋条的热桥问题,设计了两类典型飞机隔热结构构型。为了研究分析热桥效应对隔热性能的影响,对各构型进行瞬态热传导有限元分析,得到在热面温度分别为100℃,200℃,300℃,424℃时考核点的温度,并通过隔热性能实验验证了有限元方法的有效性。结果表明:热桥对隔热结构的隔热性能有较大影响,设计隔热结构时应充分考虑热桥现象;提出了热桥阻断的方法。     

三元乙丙橡胶绝热层混炼胶贮存老化性能研究

绝热层混炼胶老化性能决定了绝热层使用前的贮存时间,为了掌握绝热层混炼胶贮存时间对绝热层后续使用性能的影响,以控制绝热层混炼胶贮存时间,采用热氧老化试验研究绝热层混炼胶老化不同时间后性能的变化。结果表明,随着老化时间延长,硫化剂（DCP）在高温条件下发生分解、三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）分子链发生断裂,绝热层力学性能、硫化性能、粘接性能及凝胶分数逐渐降低,其他理化性能无明显变化。由此说明为有效提高绝热层高温贮存有效期,延长使用寿命,应严格关注贮存温度同时远离光照及紫外线照射。     

富氧环境模拟绝热层烧蚀试验方法

发展了一种能模拟固体火箭冲压发动机补燃室富氧环境并用于绝热层烧蚀研究的试验方法。用常规燃气发生器产生的燃气,与补进的氧气(氮气)、空气混合,通过控制流量,模拟固冲发动机补燃室内的压强、流量、燃气温度和富氧度等参数。组建了试验系统,对燃气参数进行了校测,并开展了4种绝热材料在富氧环境下的烧蚀试验。结果表明,该系统能够模拟富氧烧蚀环境,可利用该试验方法开展富氧环境下绝热层配方筛选和烧蚀机理研究。     

芳纶纤维和丁腈橡胶体系绝热层新配方的研制

采用含卤-锑的阻燃剂,芳纶纤维代替石棉纤维,研制了耐烧蚀的丁腈橡胶绝热层新配方(D210配方)。试验研究了芳纶纤维用量、卤-锑阻燃剂用量及纤维排布方向对绝热层烧蚀性能的影响;研究了增塑剂用量对绝热层玻璃化温度的影响。结果表明,芳纶纤维用量为4份时,绝热层烧蚀性能最佳,线烧蚀率为0.051 mm/s,质量烧蚀率为0.069 g/s;在选定的阻燃剂用量范围内,阻燃剂对绝热层烧蚀性能影响不大;所选增塑剂用量为20份时,玻璃化温度Tg可达-40℃。试验还对绝热层力学性能、硬度、粘接性能、比热容、导热等性能进行了测试,表明新研制的耐烧蚀橡胶有可能成为替代传统的石棉纤维和丁腈橡胶体系的固体火箭发动机燃烧室内绝热层。     

脉宽调制芯片在高压发生电路中的应用

以TL494为控制核心的脉宽调制推挽式高压发生电路采用脉冲宽度调制和电压反馈推挽技术,可通过调整振荡器频率和采样电阻值,输出多种状态恒定直流高压。本电路结构简单可靠,稳定性高。试验验证表明,满足液体火箭发动机控制电路系统绝缘电阻测试要求。     

多层隔热材料热物性参数工程计算方法

有效发射率、有效太阳吸收比和当量热导率等多层隔热材料热物性参数的正确确定是进行航天器热分析和热设计的基础。对多层隔热材料的这些热物性参数的工程计算方法进行了介绍,通过计算分析获得了不同条件下这些热物性参数的定量值,可为航天器热控设计提供参考。     

真空绝热板的研究进展

综述了真空绝热板(VIP)的超高效绝热性能,介绍了VIP的选材和研究现状,提出了存在问题及对VIP的应用进行了展望.     

多层隔热结构研究进展

多层隔热(MLI)结构在高真空环境下具有极低热导率,主要用于太空环境下飞行器和大型燃料贮箱的隔热.本文对MLI结构的隔热原理、选材、制备工艺及应用等进行了综述,简要介绍了国内外MLI结构的研究进展和发展趋势,提出进一步改进MLI的性能是我国实现飞行器长期在轨运行和深空探测的重要研究方向.     

Effect of Sintering on Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Barrier Effects of Thermal Barrier Coatings

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are mostly applied to hot components of advanced turbine engines to insulate the components from hot gas. The effect of sintering on thermal conductivity and thermal barrier effects of conventional plasma sprayed and nanostructured yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are investigated. Remarkable increase in thermal conductivity occurs to both typical coatings after heat treatment. The change of porosity is just the opposite. The grain size of the nanostructured zirconia coating increases more drastically with annealing time compared to that of the conventional plasma sprayed coating, which indicates that coating sintering makes more contributions to the thermal conductivity of the nanostructured coating than that of the conventional coating. Thermal barrier effect tests using temperature difference technique are performed on both coatings. The thermal barrier effects decrease with the increase of thermal conductivity after heat treatment and the decline seems more drastic in low thermal conductivity range. The decline in thermal barrier effects is about 80 °C for nanostructured coating after 100 h heat treatment, while the conventional coating reduces by less than 60 °C compared to the as-sprayed coating.     

Calculation of high-temperature insulation parameters and heat transfer behaviors of multilayer insulation by inverse problems method

In the present paper, a numerical model combining radiation and conduction for porous materials is developed based on the finite volume method. The model can be used to investigate high-temperature thermal insulations which are widely used in metallic thermal protection systems on reusable launch vehicles and high-temperature fuel cells. The effective thermal conductivities（ECTs） which are measured experimentally can hardly be used separately to analyze the heat transfer behaviors of conduction and radiation for high-temperature insulation. By fitting the effective thermal conductivities with experimental data, the equivalent radiation transmittance, absorptivity and reflectivity, as well as a linear function to describe the relationship between temperature and conductivity can be estimated by an inverse problems method. The deviation between the calculated and measured effective thermal conductivities is less than 4%. Using the material parameters so obtained for conduction and radiation, the heat transfer process in multilayer thermal insulation（MTI） is calculated and the deviation between the calculated and the measured transient temperatures at a certain depth in the multilayer thermal insulation is less than 6.5%.