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541.
542.
Energisation of O+ and O+
2 Ions at Mars: An Analysis of a 3-D Quasi-Neutral Hybrid Model Simulation
E. Kallio A. Fedorov S. Barabash P. Janhunen H. Koskinen W. Schmidt R. Lundin H. Gunell M. Holmström Y. Futaana M. Yamauchi A. Grigoriev J. D. Winningham R. Frahm J. R. Sharber 《Space Science Reviews》2006,126(1-4):39-62
We have studied the loss of O+ and O+
2 ions at Mars with a numerical model. In our quasi-neutral hybrid model ions (H+, He++, O+, O+
2) are treated as particles while electrons form a massless charge-neutralising fluid. The employed model version does not
include the Martian magnetic field resulting from the crustal magnetic anomalies. In this study we focus the Martian nightside
where the ASPERA instrument on the Phobos-2 spacecraft and recently the ASPERA-3 instruments on the Mars Express spacecraft
have measured the proprieties of escaping atomic and molecular ions, in particular O+ and O+
2 ions. We study the ion velocity distribution and how the escaping planetary ions are distributed in the tail. We also create
similar types of energy-spectrograms from the simulation as were obtained from ASPERA-3 ion measurements. We found that the
properties of the simulated escaping planetary ions have many qualitative and quantitative similarities with the observations
made by ASPERA instruments. The general agreement with the observations suggest that acceleration of the planetary ions by
the convective electric field associated with the flowing plasma is the key acceleration mechanism for the escaping ions observed
at Mars. 相似文献
543.
JSJ精密水准仪经纬仪综合检验仪原理及误差分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了一种最新研制的在室内检定高精度水准仪经纬仪的计量标准仪器,并分析了该仪器设计原理及误差来源。 相似文献
544.
应用UML建模航天测试数据库需求的过程 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为有效地将面向对象方法及相应建模技术在航天软件应用中工程化,本文通过航天测试数据库开发实例,阐述了运用UML对面向对象软件进行需求定义和需求分析的过程。以该需求展开的设计及实现在型号试验中得到较好的验证,同时此过程方法对其他面向对象软件的需求开发也起到一定借鉴作用。 相似文献
545.
改革开放以来,外商直接投资从无到有、从小到大,为国家经济发展和现代化建设做出了不可或缺的重要贡献。近几年,外商在中国的直接投资已暴露出了一些问题,为了提升我国利用外商直接投资的质量和水平,必须解决这些问题。 相似文献
546.
通过识别企业产品/技术研发过程中的技术活动,探讨了企业以高风险、领先发展模式为大背景、为降低技术风险而采取的基于技术成熟度的科研管理模式框架,分析了这种模式向企业自主创新科研管理模式转变的必然趋势。 相似文献
547.
介绍在AutoCAD2004平台上,利用二次开发系统及其下拉菜单、VLISP语言等控制模块程序而开发轴类零件图绘制系统。软件采用下拉式菜单技术和屏幕图形可视化,使用户方便快捷地进行绘制各种轴类零件图,从而减轻设计人员在绘制轴类零件图的重复性工作,具有交互性好、使用方便及扩展性好等特点。 相似文献
548.
Lo J S K Quality & Reliability Centre Advisory Committee The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong 《南京航空航天大学学报(英文版)》1998,(1)
ISO9000质量管理系统往往存在一种神秘性。一般认为它只适用于大型公司,对小型公司而言,该系统实在是太昂贵了,本文澄清了这种错误的想法,并说明了ISO9000系统内在之属性事实上是灵活的,不论任何行业的小型公司均可适用。此外,它亦指出了认证审核员和质量管理顾问应对那些易犯的错误提高警觉。 相似文献
549.
550.
U.M. Leloglu E. Kocaoglan 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008
Although it is generally agreed that the outer space should be used for the benefit of all mankind, only a fraction of the countries have the necessary technological base for accessing space. Space technology, with its implications on science, economy and well-being of citizens, is mostly chosen as one of the priority areas for technological development by developing countries. However, there is already an over-capacity in global space industry and there are doubts on necessity of additional capacity establishment by developing countries. In this study, the importance and benefits of capacity-building in these countries are emphasized and the advantages and disadvantages that developing countries have in the framework of space technology acquisition are briefly presented. The feasibility of certain levels of space technology is discussed and the necessity of combining existing indigenous capabilities with technology obtained from foreign sources in the optimal way is stressed. We have also mentioned various general mechanisms of technology transfer and argued the importance of licensing in catching-up developed countries. After considering the necessary conditions of efficiency of technology, such as establishment of regional centers of space science and technology education by United Nations, joint development of space systems, complete technology transfer packages, cooperative space projects within regional organizations, coordinated constellations and special agreements with large space agencies, which are specific mechanisms already in use, are reviewed. Some typical examples of mechanisms are also given with special emphasize on small satellite technology that makes access to space affordable for many countries. Through sharing and analyzing the experience of developing countries in their odyssey of space capacity-building, the difficulties can be negotiated and the vicious circles can be broken. This study, in our view, is a step to incite a general discussion of obstacles and opportunities for developing countries, that could help them in using their limited resources effectively, hence, enable them to offer better conditions to their citizens and to contribute space science to a larger extend. 相似文献