Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.     

Formation flying reconfiguration manoeuvres via environmental forces in highly elliptical orbits

A study on reconfiguration manoevres applied to a tetrahedral formation in highly elliptical orbits is proposed, by using a propellantless solution. The manoeuvring strategy consists in exploiting certain environmental forces, specifically those provided by solar radiation pressure and atmospheric drag, by actively controlling the satellites’ attitudes. Through inverse dynamics particle swarm optimization the optimal attitudes required for the manoeuvres are evaluated, whereas the configuration’s evolution is simulated by a high-fidelity orbital simulator. The goal of the reconfiguration problem is to find an optimal control in order for the four spacecraft to reach a desired configuration in a specified portion of orbit, where the desired configuration is evaluated by a shape and size geometric parameter. By increasing the manoeuvring time and the satellites’ area to mass ratio, all the case studies considered are successfully verified.     

Orbit determination and prediction of GEO satellite of BeiDou during repositioning maneuver

In order to establish a continuous GEO satellite orbit during repositioning maneuvers, a suitable maneuver force model has been established associated with an optimal orbit determination method and strategy. A continuous increasing acceleration is established by constructing a constant force that is equivalent to the pulse force, with the mass of the satellite decreasing throughout maneuver. This acceleration can be added to other accelerations, such as solar radiation, to obtain the continuous acceleration of the satellite. The orbit determination method and strategy are illuminated, with subsequent assessment of the orbit being determined and predicted accordingly. The orbit of the GEO satellite during repositioning maneuver can be determined and predicted by using C-Band pseudo-range observations of the BeiDou GEO satellite with COSPAR ID 2010-001A in 2011 and 2012. The results indicate that observations before maneuver do affect orbit determination and prediction, and should therefore be selected appropriately. A more precise orbit and prediction can be obtained compared to common short arc methods when observations starting 1 day prior the maneuver and 2 h after the maneuver are adopted in POD (Precise Orbit Determination). The achieved URE (User Range Error) under non-consideration of satellite clock errors is better than 2 m within the first 2 h after maneuver, and less than 3 m for further 2 h of orbit prediction.     

薄壁微三维结构件超精密研抛技术研究

针对影响薄壁微结构件超精密研抛的工艺因素,即单次进给量、研磨轨迹、研磨膏选择和去除量精确控制,通过大量的研抛加工试验,进行研抛工艺研究,得到能实现稳定和理想加工结果的研抛工艺,很好的满足零件性能要求。     

微藻反应器用于水气净化与产氧的功能验证

将微藻和电去离子技术引入密闭生态系统,设计单元反应器旨在验证其在空气再生、水净化和潜在食物的生产。在反应器中对尿液进行消解和NH4＋硝化转化得到超过90%NH4＋-N硝化为NO-3-N-的培养液适宜于螺旋藻养殖并获得高质量的微藻生物量;此时,CO2的平均吸收速率VCO2=458.6 mL/m3·min、O2产生速率VO2=616.5 mL/m3·min,即螺旋藻的同化系数VCO2/VO2≈0.74,接近人的呼吸系数VCO2/VO2=0.86;EDI法水净化率97%可直接回用。结果表明：该体系能实现CO2吸收、O2释放和螺旋藻生物量的生产,同时将水净化。     

论荀子的“勇”

荀子根据"勇"与"义"、"利"的关系提出了"狗彘之勇"、"贾盗之勇"、"小人之勇"、"士君子之勇",只有"士君子之勇"是值得提倡的。荀子还将"勇"划分为上勇、中勇、下勇,认为只有上勇才是真正的大勇。真正的勇并不是先天具有的,是后天"人为"的结果,需要重视礼的作用,树立重义轻利的求荣避辱观念,通过师法不断培养才能形成。     

Assessment on critical technologies for conceptual design of blended-wing-body civil aircraft

Civil aviation faces great challenges because of its robust projected future growth and potential adverse environmental effects. The classical Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration following the Cayley's design principles has been optimized to the architecture's limit, which can hardly satisfy the further requirements on green aviation. By past decades' investigations the BlendedWing-Body(BWB) concept has emerged as a potential solution, which can simultaneously fulfill metrics of noise, emission and fuel burn. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the developments of critical technologies for BWB conceptual design from a historical perspective of technology progress. It was found that the high aerodynamic efficiency of BWB aircraft can be well scaled by the mean aerodynamic chord and wetted aspect ratio, and should be realized with the trade-offs among stability and control and low-speed performance. The structure concepts of non-cylinder pressurized cabin are of high risks on weight prediction and weight penalty. A static stability criterion is recommended and further clear and adequate criteria are required by the evaluations of flying and handling qualities. The difficulties of propulsion and airframe integration are analyzed. The energy to revenue work ratios of well-developed BWB configurations are compared,which are 31.5% and 40% better than that of TAW, using state-of-art engine technology and future engine technology, respectively. Finally, further study aspects are advocated.     

改革开放以来我国社会管理思想的发展脉络及评述

改革开放以来,市场经济使国家和社会的关系发生了深刻变化,中国共产党在治国理政的过程中,不断探索和调整适合我国国情和发展需要的社会管理理念、方式和决策机制。从十一届三中全会至今,历次党代会上中国共产党都对社会管理都有新的认识、新的提法和新的部署,反映了党在不断探索和调试的过程中,在理论和实践的互动中社会管理思想的逐步形成。     

高校委托工程审计的质量控制与评价指标体系构建

委托工程审计质量关系到高校工程审计职能的发挥和投资建设目标的实现.结合高校工程审计实践,探讨高校委托工程审计质量控制关键路径,并据此构建质量评价指标体系,以实现高校委托工程审计质量有效控制和科学评价.     

提升民用飞机水废水系统运营经济性技术研究

基于现代民机绿色环保设计理念和对经济性的追求,减重是飞机设计中重点考虑因素,关于降低民用飞机水废水系统运营载重、提高运营经济性研究,国内外尚未发布公开文献。本文基于对航线用水统计数据研究,形成航线运营所需水量计算技术;基于我国航线飞行时长分布特点,提出基于航线实际运营时间和载客人数为需求、为系统设定分档加水设计技术。结果表明：与同类机型数据对比,本文的水量计算技术是有效的;分档加水设计技术能够有效地降低系统在航线运营过程中的运营重量,可以提升民用飞机水废水系统的运营经济性。