一种基于极大似然估计的信号盲抽取算法

针对盲信号抽取问题,根据极大似然估计原理,给出一种基于极大似然估计的分步盲抽取算法。根据信号不同的延时特性确立抽取信号,完成第一步抽取。由于初步抽取信号存在噪声污染,根据极大似然估计,估计抽取信号的概率密度函数,确立优化代价函数,利用自然梯度方法进行优化,确立最终抽取向量迭代方式,完成对抽取信号优化处理。通过仿真证明算法具有良好的收敛性和抗噪性,在SNR17 d B时,抽取信号与源信号的相似度达到95%。     

颈动脉内血流动力学特征受向前加速度影响的数值模拟

人们在日常或某些特殊条件下常会面临方向和大小发生迅速变化的加速度环境,已有研究发现加速度环境会影响心血管系统生理、病理特征。利用计算机模拟方法详细研究了向前加速度环境下人体颈动脉内的血流动力学参数变化规律。结果表明:加速度会对颈动脉内压力、压力梯度、壁面剪切应力等与血管生理、病理现象密切相关的血流动力学参数产生显著影响。研究结果为加速度环境下颈动脉生理、病理研究提供了一定的理论依据,也为航空航天领域加速度环境下人员防护提供参考。      

柔性多层冲击空间碎片防护结构设计与试验

充气展开密封结构是未来空间站以及大型空间居住舱的理想构建形式,其外蒙皮由气密层、增强层、微流星体和空间碎片防护层、辐射保护层以及热控层组成。为了既满足对空间碎片的防护,又满足折叠、收纳以及展开的要求,空间碎片防护层需要采用多层冲击防护结构设计。基于多层冲击防护结构,采用国产的玄武岩纤维材料和芳纶织物的特性参数,根据弹道极限方程设定了柔性空间碎片防护层的设计参数,并通过高速撞击试验对根据设计参数生产的试验件进行了试验验证,试验结果与柔性多层冲击防护结构的弹道极限方程吻合较好。     

低成本多小天体并行交会技术

小天体资源开发方兴未艾,为降低开发风险和成本,需要发射无人探测器交会观测多个待选目标小天体。传统多目标探测方案存在无法多次交会、成本高,周期长等不足。提出的低成本多小天体并行交会技术,能够对多小天体探测任务进行解耦,实现基于微纳飞行器的低成本多目标并行交会勘查,从而降低探测成本,缩短探测周期。该技术结合行星借力与不变流形机制构建了低能量星际转移方案。然后引入扰动流形思想,使微纳飞行器能够实现与目标小天体的快速交会。进一步,提出了一种多目标小天体探测全局搜索方法,该方法基于在日地halo轨道上停泊的微纳飞行器集群,逐次确定小天体探测目标,并利用上述方法完成了多微纳飞行器与多小天体的交会。数值仿真结果表明,该方案能够大幅度降低转移过程的燃料消耗,并缩短转移时间。     

Simulating planetary wave propagation to the upper atmosphere during stratospheric warming events at different mountain wave scenarios

Parameterization schemes of atmospheric normal modes (NMs) and orographic gravity waves (OGWs) have been implemented into the mechanistic Middle and Upper Atmosphere Model (MUAM) simulating atmospheric general circulation. Based on the 12-members ensemble of runs with the MUAM, a composite of the stratospheric warming (SW) has been constructed using the UK Met Office data as the lower boundary conditions. The simulation results show that OGW amplitudes increase at altitudes above 30 km in the Northern Hemisphere after the SW event. At altitudes of about 50 km, OGWs have largest amplitudes over North American and European mountain systems before and during the composite SW, and over Himalayas after the SW. Simulations demonstrate substantial (up to 50–70%) variations of amplitudes of stationary planetary waves (PWs) during and after the SW in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere of the Northern Hemisphere. Westward travelling NMs have amplitude maxima not only in the Northern, but also in the Southern Hemisphere, where these modes have waveguides in the middle and upper atmosphere. Simulated variations of PW and NM amplitudes correspond to changes in the mean zonal wind, EP-fluxes and wave refractive index at different phases of the composite SW events. Inclusion of the parameterization of OGW effects leads to decreases in amplitudes (up to 15%) of almost all SPWs before and after the SW event and their increase (up to 40–60%) after the SW in the stratosphere and mesosphere at middle and high northern latitudes. It is suggested that observed changes in NM amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere during SW could be caused by divergence of increased southward EP-flux. This EP-flux increases due to OGW drag before SW and extends into the Southern Hemisphere.     

Case study of inclined sporadic E layers in the Earth’s ionosphere observed by CHAMP/GPS radio occultations: Coupling between the tilted plasma layers and internal waves

We have used the radio occultation (RO) satellite data CHAMP/GPS (Challenging Minisatellite Payload/Global Positioning System) for studying the ionosphere of the Earth. A method for deriving the parameters of ionospheric structures is based upon an analysis of the RO signal variations in the phase path and intensity. This method allows one to estimate the spatial displacement of a plasma layer with respect to the ray perigee, and to determine the layer inclination and height correction values. In this paper, we focus on the case study of inclined sporadic E (E_s) layers in the high-latitude ionosphere based on available CHAMP RO data. Assuming that the internal gravity waves (IGWs) with the phase-fronts parallel to the ionization layer surfaces are responsible for the tilt angles of sporadic plasma layers, we have developed a new technique for determining the parameters of IGWs linked with the inclined E_s structures. A small-scale internal wave may be modulating initially horizontal E_s layer in height and causing a direction of the plasma density gradient to be rotated and aligned with that of the wave propagation vector k. The results of determination of the intrinsic wave frequency and period, vertical and horizontal wavelengths, intrinsic vertical and horizontal phase speeds, and other characteristics of IGWs under study are presented and discussed.     

超声速低声爆布局分层优化方法

声爆抑制是发展新一代超声速民机必须突破的关键技术。总体布局参数的合理设计可以使飞行器具有良好的声爆特性。为了提高全局进化算法在布局设计中的优化效率,提出一种基于数据挖掘的分层优化方法,利用数据挖掘中的决策树算法提取设计知识,获得设计变量分层信息,指导低声爆布局分层优化;针对某超声速低声爆飞行器,选取后掠角、上反角、展弦比、梢根比、长细比五个总体布局参数作为设计变量,开展分层优化数值实验,并与一体化优化形成对比验证。结果表明：分层优化方法能够搜索到与一体化优化高度吻合的最优解,分层优化的收敛速度显著高于一体化优化,且对随机寻优历程的表现更稳健。     

Al2O3—Ti系梯度功能材料的优化设计

对Ａｌ３Ｏ３－Ｔｉ系梯度功能材料在制备过程中产生的残余热应力进行了弹性有限元法分析。讨论了梯度层数目,梯度层厚度和成分梯度指数对应力大小和分布的影响,优化出了各项最佳参数。非线度功能材料与优化后的梯度功能材料的残余热应力对比结果显示;梯度功能材料缓和热应力的效果十分显著。     

从日地系统L2出发借力月球飞越近地小行星

对于停留在日地系统L2的“嫦娥2号”探测器,其后续飞行方案有多个选项,例如主动撞月或重返月球轨道、返回地球轨道或再入大气、飞往地月系统L1/L2或日地系统L1、进入深空飞越近地小行星(最终,“嫦娥2号”于2012年12月13日成功地实现了对Toutatis小行星的近距离飞越)。探讨上述的飞行方案需要对飞行轨道进行初步设计,总的速度脉冲限制在100 m/s以内并且需要考虑探测器同时受到太阳、地球、月球的引力作用。本研究设计了探测器从日地系统L2出发借力月球实现Toutatis小行星飞越的飞行方案,与直接飞越方案相比,借力月球可以进一步节省探测器的燃料消耗,其等效速度脉冲设计值为58.47 m/s。     

CHAMP卫星加速度计标校参数序列的谱分析

给出了利用能量守恒方法求定CHAMP卫星加速度计标校参数的基本原理和算法．对2001年8月-2003年12月共约两年半的CHAMP卫星加速度计数据进行了标校,导出了尺度、偏差和偏差漂移参数的时间序列,分别采用最小二乘谱分析和抗差谱分析对这些时间序列进行了分析．结果表明,尺度、偏差和偏差漂移参数都有明显的周期变化,但各主周期项略有差异．尺度的主周期是441d、220d、126d和13．4d的周期变化,其中220d和441d的周期变化的贡献相对较大．偏差中有明显的220d、126d和13．4d周期变化,各周期变化的贡献几乎相当;偏差漂移的主周期是220d、13．4d和9d的周期变化,其中13．4d的周期变化最为显著,几乎比其他周期项变化高出一个数量级．另外尺度和偏差参数还有明显的长期变化,而偏差漂移参数的长期变化不明显．