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451.
S.V. Chalov 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2005,35(12):2106-2114
It may not be doubted anymore that anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) are produced in the heliosphere from interplanetary pick-up ions through their acceleration at the solar wind termination shock. However, there is no general agreement in the community of heliospheric researchers concerning the mechanism of injection of the pick-up ions into the shock acceleration. We discuss here three possible ways for pick-up ions to be involved into the acceleration process at the termination shock: (1) preacceleration of pick-up ions in the whole region from the Sun up to the termination shock by solar wind turbulences and interplanetary shock waves, (2) local preacceleration of pick-up ions in a vicinity of the termination shock by shock surfing, and (3) formation of high-velocity tails in pick-up ion spectra consisting of secondary pick-up ions which are produced in the supersonic solar wind due to ionization of energetic neutral atoms entering from the inner heliosheath. 相似文献
452.
Rita M. Sambruna 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2004,34(12):2571-2578
Relativistic jets are a common property of radio-loud Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Understanding jet physical properties is an essential precursor to understanding the mechanisms of energy transport, and ultimately, how energy is extracted from the central black hole. In this paper, I highlight recent developments from Chandra and HST observations of kpc-scale jets in AGN, with particular emphasis on our survey of 17 radio jets in a sample of FRII radio galaxies. These observations show that (1) X-ray and optical emission is common from kpc-scale jets, (2) a large fraction of the bolometric luminosity is emitted at X-rays, and (3) in most sources, a candidate emission process for the X-rays is inverse Compton scattering of the Cosmic Microwave Background off the relativistic electrons in the jet. If the latter scenario holds, the implication is that jets are still relativistic on kpc scales. 相似文献
453.
454.
申功璋 《北京航空航天大学学报》1991,(3):5-13
本文是对空间机器人由地面站遥控操纵在空间抓物实验方案的仿真研究,它是在图形计算机工作站上用C语言编程实现的。视景化仿真描绘了自由飞行物与机器人之间的相对运动,考虑了空间站与地面站信息传输延迟的影响,用扩展的卡尔曼滤波实现了机器人对自由飞行物的自动跟踪,人在地面站观测预报的机器人和目标物的立体图象,可以经操纵球控制机械手运动。仿真结果表明,该方案对进一步研究有很好的参考价值。 相似文献
455.
《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(11):2475-2496
This paper focused on online scheduling of distributed Earth observation satellite system in a dynamic environment. The objective was to maximize the total profit of the overall system by efficiently coordinating the different satellites with stochastic arrival of urgent tasks, subject to rigid communication and observation time window constraints. We formulated this problem as a single-task, single-robot, time-extended assignment problem with intra-schedule dependency using the multi-robot task assignment taxonomy and formulated the sub-problem after releasing urgent tasks in a mixed-integer linear programming model. We first described the online scheduling algorithm for a single satellite, then we proposed the modified consensus-based bundle algorithm (m-CBBA) and modified asynchronous consensus-based bundle algorithm (m-ACBBA) with synchronous and asynchronous communication, respectively. Compared with initial versions of CBBA and ACBBA, the modified versions added the communication loop prediction phases to efficiently utilize scarce communication opportunities and reduce the communication requirements. Additionally, we introduce two contract net protocol (CNP)-based algorithms for comparison, respectively SingleItem-CNP-based (SI-CNP) algorithm and Batch-CNP-based (BA-CNP) algorithm. Computational experiments indicated that both the total profit and percentage of scheduled urgent tasks achieved by the m-ACBBA and m-CBBA algorithms were much higher than those achieved by both SI-CNP and BA-CNP. Additionally, the number of communications needed by either m-ACBBA or m-CBBA algorithm was lower than that by SI-CNP. When the communication cost in the system is high, the m-CBBA algorithm is preferred because it balances the profit and the required number of communications. When the communication cost is low, the m-ACBBA algorithm is preferred because it achieves high total profit and high percentage of scheduled urgent tasks. 相似文献
456.
457.
V.E. Kunitsyn A.M. Padokhin A.E. Vasiliev G.A. Kurbatov V.L. Frolov G.P. Komrakov 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
The purpose of this work is to report the experimental evidences for the influence of perturbations in the electron density in the dayside mid-latitude ionosphere, that are caused by high-frequency heating of the F2 layer, on the GNSS signals. The experiments were carried out at the Sura heater (Radio Physical Research Institute, N. Novgorod). During the sessions of ionospheric heating with different time modulations of the radiated power the rays linking the navigational satellites with the ground receiver intersected the heated region. Variations in the total electron content (TEC) were studied; these variations are proportional to the reduced phases of navigational signals. It is shown that with the square-wave modulation of the radiated power (with periods of 1, 6, 10 and 15 min), perturbations with periods of the main modulation of heating and its harmonics appear in the spectrum of TEC variations. Examples are presented of identification of the heating-induced variations in TEC, including determination of the amplitudes and time characteristics of these variations. 相似文献
458.
Owing to the lack of a direct link with the operations in short-range air combat,conventional aircraft flying qualities criteria are inappropriate to guide the design of a task-tailored flight control law.By applying the mission-oriented flying qualities evaluation approach,various aircraft with different control law parameters are evaluated on a ground-based simulator.This paper compares the evaluation results with several conventional flying qualities criteria,and discusses the appropriate parameter combination to reflect the flying qualities requirements of short-range air combat,The comparison and analysis show that a short-range air combat mission requires a higher minimum short period mode natural frequency and a smaller maximum roll mode time constant,and allows a lower minimum pitch attitude bandwidth and a higher maximum short period mode damp ratio than those of conventional flying qualities criteria.Furthermore,a combination of the pitch attitude bandwidth,the pitch attitude magnitude at the bandwidth frequency,and the pitch attitude transfer function gain can define the flying qualities requirements of short-range air com bat.The new metric can successfully predict the flying quality levels of aircraft in a short-range air combat mission. 相似文献
459.
Yongjie ZHANG Zheng YANG Xianchao MA Wenjun DONG Dayong DONG Zhaoguang TAN Shuai ZHANG 《中国航空学报》2019,32(8):1828-1846
Commercial aircraft family design can reduce development costs, shorten development cycles, and expand the market coverage of aircraft. Commercial aircraft family development has become one of the most important features of modern aircraft design. This paper explores the effects of commonality on different aircraft models in a commercial aircraft family. The existing product commonality indexes are summarized and their limitations in the application to aircraft design are discussed. Then a new component commonality index is proposed based on the component decomposition structure. A model for calculating the aircraft program value is established,which considers development costs, manufacturing costs, sale price, operation costs and residual costs. The effects of aircraft commonality on time and economic costs of both development and manufacturing, and on sale price, are analyzed and quantified. The commonality evaluation strategy is obtained, which features comprehensive consideration of the aircraft program value and time costs. The break-even analysis of aircraft is proceeded on the basis of costs and price data. By using a real option method, the strategy considers the uncertainty of the aircraft program and the flexibility of the manufacturer. This strategy proves to be rational and applicable to aircraft design based on the calculation of three examples and the analysis of parameter sensitivity. 相似文献
460.
脑力负荷状态的准确识别对减少因作业人员无效脑力负荷导致的人因事故具有重要意义。针对人-机系统中作业人员脑力负荷客观评估问题开展了基于MATB-Ⅱ平台的3种不同脑力负荷水平下的航空情境实验,记录16名被试的NASA任务负荷指数(NASA-TLX)量表数据和脑电(EEG)信号,提出了一种基于脑电功率谱密度(PSD)和支持向量机(SVM)的个体脑力负荷评估方法。结果表明:随着实验设计脑力负荷水平增加,被试的主观脑力负荷得分显著提高(p<0.001),这表明该实验任务设计较好地诱发了低负荷、中负荷和高负荷情境。在此基础上,通过网格搜索法确定个体脑力负荷评估模型的统一优化参数,惩罚系数取3 000,核函数参数取0.000 1,模型测试正确率达到0.966 5±0.029 8,宏平均的受试者工作特征曲线下的面积(Macro-AUC)达到0.991 0±0.011 4。本文为作业人员脑力负荷状态的客观和准确评估提供了一种新的办法,为后期作业人员脑力负荷状态的实时判别提供模型基础。 相似文献