赘余桁架结构可靠性的计算方法

 本文在现有的一些国际流行的有关计算赘余桁架结构可靠性方法的基础上加以改进,提出了计算赘余桁架结构可靠性的强度削减一人造外载法。它将结构的失效看作是一个前后相关的失效过程,而不是象以往的算法那样,将结构的失效看作是一些孤立的状态,因而更真实地反映了赘余结构失效的方式和实质,更准确地计算出了结构真实失效概率的上下界。算例结果表明,本文算法是切实可行的。     

开关寿命连续型不可修冷、温贮备系统的可靠性分析及其随机模拟

本文对由n个部件组成的、开关寿命为连续型随机变量的不可修冷、温贮备系统作了可靠性分析,建立了这两类系统的一般模型,给出了冷贮备系统可靠度R_n(t)及平均寿命MTTF的一般形式解。并在指数分布场合下,给出了R_n(t)及MTTF的解析表达式。当部件贮备寿命相互独立同分布时,温贮备系统可以通过一个虚设的开关变量而归结为冷贮备系统。对一般的贮备系统,可以运用数理统计方法,根据样本给出R_n(t)及MTTF的估计。文末利用随机模拟方法,构造所需样本,便可获得R_n(t)及MTTF的数值估计。实例表明,随机模拟的结果是令人满意的。     

机场跑道耐冲磨混凝土的研究

针对机场跑道混凝土所处环境、受力特环以及对修补材料的性能要求，提出采用超塑化、膨胀、树脂掺入等复合手段，大幅度改善钢纤维混凝土基质材料的结构性能。通过高效粘结，充分发挥了钢纤维的增韧抗冲击作用，使这种有机无机复合、金属非金属复合的混凝土材料具有优异的抗冲击性和耐磨性。实验结果表明，机场跑道混凝土特别是飞机起降区域板块适合采用SPE－SFRC复合材料。在基础稳定的条件下，基本可在设计使用年限内无须大修，其社会、经济效益巨大。     

疲劳裂纹扩展随机过程相关参数的估计

对数正态随机过程模型是可靠性与损伤容限分析中常用的裂纹扩展随机模型.在裂纹扩展对数正态随机过程模型的基础上,建立了由试验数据估计一般平稳正态随机过程相关参数的方法.应用这种方法可以直接由试验数据估计随机过程的相关参数.同时,给出了用Monte-Carlo方法估算置信区间的方法.最后,给出了用具体试验数据,这组试验数据共有237个数据点,估计随机过程相关参数的算例.     

数字全息测量超高速撞击碎片云实验研究

在中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)超高速碰撞中心(HIRC)7.6 mm超高速碰撞设备的基础上，搭建纳秒级脉冲激光数字全息系统。提出滤波片和衰减片组合布置，减弱超高速碰撞等离子体自发光、提高信噪比的方法。实验获得了2.25 mm铝球弹丸以4.0 km/s的速度撞击0.5 mm厚铝板形成碎片云的全息图。采用小波变换算法对碎片云全息图进行重建，得到超高速撞击碎片云的三维结构和碎片大小。碎片云的轮廓呈椭球型，分为碎片云的前端、核心和外壳，碎片主要分布在弹丸破碎形成的碎片云核心，存在大碎片，且分布较集中，对后板的损伤也严重     

Flight safety measurements of UAVs in congested airspace

Describing spatial safety status is crucial for high-density air traffic involving multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a complex environment. A probabilistic approach is proposed to measure safety situation in congested airspace. The occupancy distribution of the airspace is represented with conflict probability between spatial positions and UAV. The concept of a safety envelope related to flight performance and response time is presented first instead of the conventional fixed-size protected zones around aircraft. Consequently, the conflict probability is performance-dependent, and effects of various UAVs on safety can be distinguished. The uncer-tainty of a UAV future position is explicitly accounted for as Brownian motion. An analytic approximate algorithm for the conflict probability is developed to decrease the computational consumption. The relationship between safety and flight performance are discussed for different response times and prediction intervals. To illustrate the applications of the approach, an experi-ment of three UAVs in formation flight is performed. In addition, an example of trajectory planning is simulated for one UAV flying over airspace where five UAVs exist. The validation of the approach shows its potential in guaranteeing flight safety in highly dynamic environment.     

展向振荡对激波/湍流边界层干扰的影响

周期振荡作为一种有效的壁面流动控制手段受到广泛关注,而其对激波/湍流边界层干扰的影响目前鲜有研究。本文采用高精度直接数值模拟（DNS）方法对马赫数2.9、12°激波入射角、强振荡下的激波/湍流边界层干扰进行了系统研究。通过与无振荡工况的定量比较,揭示了展向强振荡对干扰区内复杂流动结构的影响规律及作用机制,如分离泡尺度、物面压力脉动非定常特性、物面剪切的非定常特性及统计特征等。研究发现：在展向强振荡作用下,分离点位置提前,间歇区长度增大;同时由于分离泡内强黏性耗散的影响,展向振荡的穿透高度约为分离泡高度的4%,因而对流动结构不会产生实质影响。但展向强振荡会对壁面附近流动造成显著影响,如强振荡诱导的壁面展向速度远大于流向速度,造成流向剪切与展向剪切之间夹角的概率密度函数峰值从0°偏移到80°~90°之间。物面压力及剪切本征正交分解分析表明,展向振荡会导致模态能量从低阶模态向高阶模态转移,降低低频运动的能量占比,增强再附后Görtler涡等壁面附近旋涡结构的强度。     

基于纯比例导引的拦截碰撞角约束制导策略

拦截碰撞角约束制导是当前导弹制导研究的关键问题之一。首先基于理想比例导引（IPN）律拦截非机动目标的解析解,推导了纯比例导引律（PPN）拦截固定目标的解析解,得到了弹目相对距离、制导指令加速度和导弹前置角的显示表达式,并进一步得到了拦截碰撞角与弹目相对运动状态和比例导引系数之间的解析表达式。其次,基于该解析表达式,提出了基于PPN的拦截碰撞角约束制导策略（PPNIACG）,并探讨了在铅垂面内进行落角约束打击和水平面内进行拦截碰撞角约束打击的2种实现方式。最后,以弹道成型制导律（TSG）和最优碰撞角约束制导律（OIACG）为参考,通过数值仿真算例,对PPNIAC的拦截性能进行了对比分析,验证了所提出制导策略的有效性和正确性。     

基于PTE的多雷达航迹融合算法

针对杂波背景下的多雷达航迹融合时局部估计误差互协方差矩阵未知的问题,提出基于目标存在概率（PTE）的航迹融合算法,提升了正确航迹率和跟踪精度。首先,通过综合概率数据关联得到单接收站的目标航迹估计集合和对应的目标存在概率。然后,在局部估计误差互协方差矩阵未知的条件下,基于PTE信息提出不带记忆的综合广义凸组合航迹融合算法。进而将前一帧的融合状态进行反馈,提出带记忆的综合广义凸组合航迹融合算法。仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。     

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.