用于验证数值仿真的Whipple屏超高速撞击试验结果

为提供验证超高速撞击数值仿真所需的试验结果,给出了在中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速所进行的铝质Whipple屏超高速撞击试验部分结果。试验中,球形弹丸均为LY12铝合金材料,直径为0.4~0.5cm;靶材为间距10cm、厚0.192cm的LY12板材。撞击速度为4.47~6.15km/s,撞击角为0°和45°。给出的试验结果包括弹丸和靶材参数、撞击速度、撞击角、弹孔尺寸、后墙损伤情况和碎片云激光阴影照片等。实验结果表明,撞击速度越高,Whipple屏的防护效果越好,而斜撞击比正向撞击造成的破坏更严重。     

碎片云撞击密封舱穿孔对其内压力和温度影响研究

为了了解碎片云撞击密封舱穿孔对其内压力和温度的影响程度及规律，以平面激波和热力学理论为基础，建立了碎片云高速撞击密封舱穿孔对其内大气压力和温度影响的模型，通过计算发现模型计算结果与实验吻合得较好。通过模型计算，结果表明：碎片云撞击密封舱舱壁穿孔造成其内大气压力和温度的变化趋势具有相似性；舱壁穿孔瞬间，舱内大气压力和温度只在距穿孔处一定距离发生剧变；碎片云撞击速度越大，引起舱内大气压力和温度的变化也越大。     

超高速撞击弹丸形状效应数值模拟研究

为保证在轨航天器的安全运行，微流星体和空间碎片的防护成为现有航天器，特别是长寿命、大尺寸航天器设计时必须考虑的问题。本文采用AUTODYN软件进行了不同形状弹丸超高速撞击whipple防护结构的数值模拟，对不同形状弹丸撞击Whipple防护结构的撞击极限曲线进行了比较，分析了各形状弹丸撞击防护屏后形成的碎片云状态，以及分析了各撞击极限曲线之间差异的原因。不同形状弹丸对Whiple防护结构的损伤能力有很大差异，弹丸破碎和碎片云分散程度随弹丸速度、长径比和撞击方向的改变而改变。     

Collision Probabilities for Keplerian Orbits

We present a new derivation of the probability of collisions between spherical satellites occupying Keplerian orbits. The equations follow from the central concept of the instantaneous collision rate, an expression that describes the occurrence of collisions by using a Dirac -function. The derivation proceeds by showing how this instantaneous collision rate can be averaged over orbital mean anomaly angles and, additionally, over orbital precession angles to generate expressions appropriate for intermediate and long time scales. Collision rates averaged over mean anomalies tend to be non-zero during relatively brief collision seasons, when the peak collision probability may exceed the long-term average by several orders of magnitude. Derived precession-angle averages have a functional form similar but not identical to the collision probability expression derived using the spatial density approach of Kessler (Icarus, 48: 39–48, 1981), and the two methods have been found to yield numerical results to within 1% for all cases examined.     

一种单晶涡轮叶片热机械疲劳寿命评估方法

针对单晶涡轮叶片热机械疲劳(TMF)问题,围绕单晶涡轮叶片TMF试验,结合单晶变形、损伤理论及数值模拟,建立了一套单晶涡轮叶片TMF寿命评估方法.利用空心气冷涡轮叶片TMF试验系统,对单晶涡轮片考核截面在服役条件下所产生的交变应力场和交变温度场进行模拟,确定了裂纹萌生部位及其TMF寿命.考虑单晶涡轮叶片变形和损伤行为的特征,分别建立了基于滑移系的Walker黏塑性本构模型和基于临界平面的循环损伤累积(CDA)模型.利用上述本构和寿命模型,完成了单晶涡轮叶片TMF试验的数值模拟.结果表明:叶片理论危险点与试验结果一致,且计算寿命基本落在试验寿命的3倍分散带内.      

基于脆性损伤机制的高周疲劳模型

从不可逆热力学耗散理论出发,建立了一个高周疲劳各向同性连续损伤力学模型.与基于延性损伤机制的Lemaitre模型不同,本模型基于脆性损伤机制.它成功地将高周疲劳损伤纳入到统一的热力学框架之内.其损伤演化律考虑了应力比 R的影响.利用本模型,根据对称循环下(R=-1)的高周疲劳SN曲线,可以导出具有任意应力比R的 log S log N 曲线.模型应用于LC9高强度铝合金光滑试件的试验分析,理论计算与实验结果比较,符合良好.     

卫星太阳电池阵的刚-柔耦合动力学

研究了卫星太阳电池阵在多点撞击过程中的刚-柔耦合动力学问题．基于Jourdain速度变分原理和单向递推组集方法，建立了柔性多体系统的动力学模型．用Hertz撞击法则建立了撞击力和撞击处的局部变形关系，分别用刚体模型和柔性体模型仿真计算了太阳电池阵的撞击力、撞击时间，揭示了变形运动和大范围运动的相互耦合作用．     

Rapid impactor sample return (RISR) mission scenario

Due to the long lead time and great expense of traditional sample return mission plans to Mars or other astronomical bodies, there is a need for a new and innovative way to return materials, potentially at a lower cost. The Rapid Impactor Sample Return (RISR) mission is one such proposal. The general mission scenario involves a single pass of Mars, a Martian moon or an asteroid at high speeds (7 km/s), with the sample return vehicle skimming just 1 or 2 m above a high point (such as a top ridge on Olympus Mons on Mars) and releasing an impactor. The impactor strikes the ground, throwing up debris. The debris with roughly the same forward velocity will be captured by the sample return vehicle and returned to Earth. There is no delay or orbit in the vicinity of Mars or the asteroid: RISR is a one-pass mission. This paper discusses some of the details of the proposal. Calculations are presented that address the question of how much material can be recovered with this technique. There are concerns about the effect of Mars tenuous atmosphere. However, it will be noted that such issues do not occur for RISR style missions to Phobos, Deimos, or asteroids and Near Earth Objects (NEOs). Recent test results in the missile defense community (IFTs 6–8 in 2001, 2002) have scored direct hits at better than 1 m accuracy with closing velocities of 7.6 km/s, giving the belief that accuracy and sensing issues are developed to a point that the RISR mission scenario is feasible.     

以随机壁微扰辐射损耗为基础的光纤传感技术(英文)

提出并研究一种构成光纤传感网络埋入复合材料内部用于损伤探测的光纤传感技术.对光纤进行化学处 理,剥去光纤外层在纤芯表面形成无规则分布、大小不一的微粒,在光纤形成随机壁微扰区.根据随机壁微扰导致导模与辐射模的模转换引起功率损耗的特性,随机壁微扰区就可以为敏感区.本文根据平面波导随机壁微扰理论并实验研究了腐蚀时间与相对功率损耗的关系.最后给出内含光纤传感网络试件的实测结果.结果表明,本文提出的光纤传感技术可用于复合材料损伤探测,为监测飞行器飞行时的载荷及损伤结果提供一种测试方法.     

无机/有机复合圆弧风挡抗鸟撞能力数值分析

利用非线性动力响应有限元分析程序(DYNA3D),对无机/有机复合圆弧风挡的设计方案的抗鸟撞能力进行了数值模拟分析.根据数值分析得到的应力、应变和位移等结果,采用3.5mmGlass+2.5mmPU+10PMMA结构的风挡可抵抗550km/h的鸟撞击.分析结果的可靠性得到后来试验结果的证实.