Hot-cracking susceptibility and shear fracture behavior of dissimilar Ti6Al4V/AA6060 alloys in pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding

Laser welding of dissimilar titanium/aluminum alloys has been employed at an increasing rate, particularly in the aerospace industry, owing to its advantages in terms of current design flexibility and fuel/cost savings. The major problem with dissimilar Ti/Al welds arises from the difference in the thermal expansion and contraction of the two metals, which leads to hot-cracking susceptibility and the mitigation of the mechanical property after welding. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of Ti6Al4V and AA6060 has been addressed. Hot-cracking susceptibility in the heat affected zone and the shear fracture behavior of the lap joints were investigated through microstructural characterization and mechanical tests. The results indicate that the hot cracking tendency can be reduced by increasing the pulse peak power (7.5–8.5 kW) and the laser point diameter (0.8–1.0 mm) with specific pulse duration and overlap. An alternative control strategy for less hot cracks in the Ti/Al lap joint can be to increase the weld width and decrease the cooling rate during solidification. The shear fracture of the Ti/Al lap joint is likely to occur along the lower side path of the weld interface with decreasing weld surface collapsed amount and increasing aluminum base metal melt depth.     

The Influence of Landmarks and Pre-exposure to a Structural Map During the Process of Spatial Knowledge Acquisition: A Study with Children and Adults in a Virtual Environment

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the effects of featural information (landmarks) and geometric information (pre-exposure to a structural map) and their possible interaction during the process of spatial knowledge acquisition of 8- and 11-year-old children and adults in a virtual environment. The study confirmed the well-known result of a developmental achievement in spatial cognition from childhood to adulthood. Although landmarks and the pre-exposure to a structural map did not affect the time to learn a specific route, they influenced the use of behavior in spatial learning and eased the acquisition of spatial knowledge measured by a route reversal and map-drawing tasks. Children and adults are able to integrate featural and geometric information in the spatial knowledge acquisition process in an environmental space, but their integration depends on the spatial processing stages that are investigated. Moreover, it was successfully demonstrated that the use of desktop virtual environments seems to be appropriate to investigate the development of spatial cognition.     

Impact of Regionalization and Detour on Ad-hoc Path Choice

Abstract

Regionalization has been found to impact human route planning, both when the planning is based on a previously learned environment encoded in memory and when maps are used. This paper presents an experiment in a virtual desktop environment and examines how the length of the path in the start region or goal region impacts ad-hoc route choice, i.e., in situations where the decision is made right after perceiving the decision situation. More specifically, this research aims at quantifying the trade-off value between short travel distances and leaving the start as well as reaching the goal region quicker, respectively.     

High-temperature tribological behaviors of a Cr-Si co-alloyed layer on TA15 alloy

A Cr-Si co-alloyed layer was successfully deposited on TA15 alloy by the double glow plasma surface technology to improve its poor wear resistance at elevated temperature.The microstructure,composition,and phase structure of the layer were investigated by SEM,EDS,and XRD.The tribological behaviors of the Cr-Si co-alloyed layer at 20 ℃ and 500 ℃ were analyzed in details.The results indicated that the friction coefficient and wear rate of the Cr-Si coalloyed layer at 20 ℃ and 500 ℃ were much lower than those of the substrate,which was due to higher hardness and superior elastic modulus.This layer may become an approach to effectively improving the wear resistance of TA15 alloy at elevated temperature.     

河南省城乡社会养老保障统筹的思考

当前,社会养老保障的城乡差异制约着河南经济社会的进一步发展。河南是人口大省和农业大省,人口老龄化压力大,家庭和土地保障功能弱化,加快社会养老保障的城乡统筹势在必行。马克思主义的统筹学说、社会公平正义理论、福利经济思想等为城乡统筹提供了理论依据,国际社会的统筹经验为河南省城乡统筹提供了一定的借鉴。河南城乡社会养老保障的城乡统筹,需树立科学的统筹观、发挥政府主导作用、完善城乡居民养老保险制度、加快城乡养老保险制度的衔接转换、推进养老制度并轨改革。     

液体推进剂贮箱材料的电化学腐蚀行为的试验研究

通过电偶腐蚀、加速腐蚀和缝隙腐蚀试验,研究了液体推进剂贮箱材料的电化学腐蚀行为,并用光学显微镜观察了试验后的材料表面腐蚀形貌.结果表明,铝合金LF6、LD10、2219和LF3与不锈钢1Cr18 Ni9Ti和316L的电偶电流均小于0.3 A/cm2,属于A级相容;无论贮箱箱体主材料为LD10或2219,在与箱体附件材料LF3组成的电偶对中,LD10和2219均为阴极金属受到保护;2219和LD10在20℃室温、68％硝酸环境下的阳极极化曲线相似,年腐蚀速率相当.     

Thermal shock damage behavior of CVD ZnS by oxygen propane flame：A numerical and experimental study

Chemical vapor deposition zinc sulfide （CVD ZnS） is widely used as an infrared window material to transmit infrared signals, keep the aerodynamic shape and protect its imaging system, which often suffers high temperature and complicated thermal stresses. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the thermal shock damage of CVD ZnS through a finite element method and oxygen propane flame experiments. The finite element model is developed to simulate the temperature and thermal stress fields by an oxygen propane flame. Then, the thermal shock experiments are performed to investigate the thermal shock damage behavior. The results show that the temperature rising rate of the shock surface is fast during the initial heating stage resulting in high thermal stress. After the thermal shock experiment, the scanning electron microscope （SEM） photographs shows that the shock surface of the specimen becomes rough and the microcracks occur in the thermal shock zone. Good agreements are achieved between the numerical solutions and the experimental results.     

发动机整流支板大尺寸过冷水滴撞击特性

目前航空发动机防冰系统通用设计方案是以过冷小水滴的撞击特性为依据,但最新的研究结果显示大尺寸过冷水滴(SLD)环境下的结冰会对飞行器带来更加恶劣的影响.基于此,对大尺寸过冷水滴环境下发动机进口支板的水滴撞击特性进行了研究.首先对水滴运动控制方程进行了修正,以模拟水滴的变形及破碎的影响;然后对水滴在壁面处飞溅、反弹现象进...     

对搞好天津高校健康教育的初探

通过不同侧面说明在高校开展健康教育的意义，简要介绍了我市高校开展健康教育的现状，提出了促进我市高校开展健康教育的看法。     

行星齿轮系统载荷分配行为机理及影响因素分析

将中心构件轴承弹性变形和太阳轮-行星轮-内齿圈支路的弹性变形分别集中在行星架轴承和行星轮轴承中心得到行星齿轮系统的等效模型,并采用行星架刚体运动来模拟行星齿轮系统的载荷分配行为,从而得到行星齿轮系统的载荷分配求解模型.在此基础上得到了载荷分配与轴承等效刚度、各种误差之间的定量关系,分析了各种影响因素对载荷分配的影响规律.结果表明:当行星架轴承与行星轮轴承的等效刚度相差2个数量级以上时,载荷分配只与行星轮轴承等效刚度和行星轮切向位置误差有关,减小行星轮切向位置误差和行星轮轴承等效刚度可实现均载;行星轮和太阳轮偏心误差使系统受到周期性激励,动态载荷系数增大,因此减小行星轮和太阳轮偏心误差可实现动态均载.