二维机翼混合相结冰数值模拟

近年来冰晶引发的飞机结冰问题逐渐引起人们的重视。针对冰晶和过冷水滴同时存在的混合相结冰问题,通过数值模拟的方法实现结冰冰形预测。空气流场和对流换热的计算中采用了转捩剪切应力输运（SST）湍流模型,基于欧拉法计算冰晶和水滴收集系数。在Messinger结冰热力学模型基础上进行扩展,分析了二维结冰部件表面在混合相气象条件下的传热传质过程,建立了适用于混合相的结冰热力学模型,同时考虑冰晶的黏附效应,添加黏附效率经验公式。利用FLUENT的用户自定义函数（UDF）编程求解混合相热力学模型,计算了霜冰和明冰条件下NACA0012翼型表面结冰情况,与国外风洞试验结果进行比较,验证了计算模型和方法的有效性。结果表明,冰晶黏附效应对混合相结冰量及冰形有很大影响,明冰条件结冰形状偏向楔形。     

硬质合金表面金刚石薄膜的结合强度与破坏方式

研究了不同表面预处理条件下,硬质合金表面沉积金刚石薄膜及薄膜的附着强度和破坏方式。结果表明,准分子激光预处理可大幅度提高金刚石薄膜的附着强度,其原因是由于准分子激光辐照处理后硬质合金表面粗糙化所产生的“锚链效应”。     

Thin film surface treatments for lowering dust adhesion on Mars Rover calibration targets

The current generation of calibration targets on Mars Rover serve as a color and radiometric reference for the panoramic camera. They consist of a transparent silicon-based polymer tinted with either color or grey-scale pigments and cast with a microscopically rough Lambertian surface for a diffuse reflectance pattern. This material has successfully withstood the harsh conditions existent on Mars. However, the inherent roughness of the Lambertian surface (relative to the particle size of the Martian airborne dust) and the tackiness of the polymer in the calibration targets has led to a serious dust accumulation problem. In this work, non-invasive thin film technology was successfully implemented in the design of future generation calibration targets leading to significant reduction of dust adhesion and capture. The new design consists of a μm-thick interfacial layer capped with a nm-thick optically transparent layer of pure metal. The combination of these two additional layers is effective in burying the relatively rough Lambertian surface while maintaining diffuse properties of the samples which is central to the correct operation as calibration targets. A set of these targets are scheduled for flight on the Mars Phoenix mission.     

有机硅改性聚氨酯的制备及其对有机-无机层合玻璃性能的影响

以聚丙二醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为合成单体,γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)为有机硅源,采用预聚体法合成有机硅改性聚氨酯,并以其为中间粘接层,制备有机-无机层合玻璃。研究不同有机硅含量对改性聚氨酯光学性能、机械性能以及有机-无机层合玻璃界面粘接性能的影响。结果表明:在相同聚合条件下,随着KH-550含量增加,聚氨酯聚合程度降低,导致透明度降低、雾度增大,表面硬度降低;改性聚氨酯初始储能模量先增大后减小,硬段的玻璃化转变温度先增大后减小,均在KH-550添加量为1%时达到最大值。以聚氨酯胶层作为层合玻璃中间层,未改性的层合玻璃界面剪切强度为6.7 MPa,含有0.5%KH-550的层合玻璃界面剪切强度达到7.7 MPa。     

宽温度柔性接头用硅橡胶弹性材料研究

硅橡胶高低温性能优异,可作为宽温度柔性接头用首选弹性材料。通过分析补强剂、增塑剂、硫化剂等对硅橡胶性能的影响,优化硅橡胶配方,提高低模量硅橡胶力学性能。结果表明,在甲基乙烯基硅橡胶中加入35~40份(质量份,下同)高补强气相白炭黑、0.3~0.5份硫化剂,同时添加适量增塑剂,研制的硫化硅橡胶剪切模量稳定在0.25~0.30 MPa内,力学性能比4#白炭黑补强硅橡胶有较大幅度提高。采用有机硅改性环氧胶粘剂进行硅橡胶硫化胶与金属试片粘接,两板拉伸剪切强度达到3.0 MPa,改善了硅橡胶与其他材料的粘接可靠性。