Effective Coulomb force modeling for spacecraft in Earth orbit plasmas

Coulomb formation flight is a concept that utilizes electrostatic forces to control the separations of close proximity spacecraft. The Coulomb force between charged bodies is a product of their size, separation, potential and interaction with the local plasma environment. A fast and accurate analytic method of capturing the interaction of a charged body in a plasma is shown. The Debye–Hückel analytic model of the electrostatic field about a charged sphere in a plasma is expanded to analytically compute the forces. This model is fitted to numerical simulations with representative geosynchronous and low Earth orbit (GEO and LEO) plasma environments using an effective Debye length. This effective Debye length, which more accurately captures the charge partial shielding, can be up to 7 times larger at GEO, and as great as 100 times larger at LEO. The force between a sphere and point charge is accurately captured with the effective Debye length, as opposed to the electron Debye length solutions that have errors exceeding 50%. One notable finding is that the effective Debye lengths in LEO plasmas about a charged body are increased from centimeters to meters. This is a promising outcome, as the reduced shielding at increased potentials provides sufficient force levels for operating the electrostatically inflated membrane structures concept at these dense plasma altitudes.     

基于神经网络的飞行科目模板样本集建立方法

为建立某一飞行科目的模板样本集,提出一套基于神经网络和卡尔曼滤波的数据处理方法。任选一次试飞样本,建立Kohonen自组织神经网络进行参数降维、聚类分析、特征提取等,使样本量缩减90%以上,得到该科目的模板样本集。用处理后的样本训练BP神经网络,对其他未经处理的试飞样本进行载荷预测,误差均在3%之内,说明处理后的样本能代表该科目的数据特点,即为模板样本集。方法可以为飞机载荷监控数据库的完善工作服务。     

放宽静稳定度飞机时间延迟稳定边界

针对飞机初步设计阶段其放宽静稳定度（RSS）与电传飞控系统时间延迟边界之间的定量关系求解问题，以战斗机纵向短周期方程为基础，分析了飞控系统中的时间延迟因素，描述了放宽静稳定度与方程参数间的关系。并以等效输入延迟的形式构建了含飞控系统时间延迟的闭环系统特征方程，通过根轨迹趋势理论和数值计算方法确定了放宽静稳定度与飞控系统时间延迟边界的定量数值关系，同时探讨了舵效与动导的参数不确定性对所求时间延迟边界的影响。本文方法对飞机初步设计阶段飞控系统时间延迟指标和可放宽静稳定度边界的确定具有一定的工程实践意义。     

Analysis of long-endurance station-keeping flight scenarios for stratospheric airships in the presence of thermal effects

The ability to achieve long-endurance station-keeping flights makes stratospheric airships desirable platforms for the provision of communication and surveillance services. To maintain long-endurance flights, it is necessary to consider the problem of energy consumption. In this paper, we discuss long-endurance flight scenarios of stratospheric airships in the presence of thermal effects. The balance between buoyancy and gravity is influenced by thermal effects during the diurnal cycle. We perform a theoretical analysis based on the helium’s mass, pressure differential, and altitude as the main factors. To verify the effectiveness of the control over the pressure differential and the altitude, three long-endurance flight scenarios are proposed and compared. Then, the corresponding optimization problems are constructed to determine the energy-minimum flight. Finally, further efforts are made to reduce energy consumption. The realization and limitations of two strategies for improvement are analyzed. A comparison with other scenarios shows the effectiveness of energy conservation. The study in this paper thus provides a reference for station-keeping applications of stratospheric airships.     

低空风切变系统建模及其对直升机飞行安全威胁定性分析

系统地建立了含湍流的三维低空风切变模型，并综合分析了其对直升机飞行安全的威胁。建立了微下击暴流风场及大气湍流场组合的风切变模型，在不增加计算量的前提下，选取特征点发展直升机飞行动力学模型，有效捕捉了风切变的切变特性，提高了在风场中的动态响应计算精度。模型配备姿态保持功能的控制增稳系统已符合一般直升机的飞行状态，并改善机体响应。根据风速分布的特点，选取不同飞行速度、不同风场位置进行飞行仿真，定性地对比分析状态量变化与风场对应关系，并且以垂向通道为例，从动力学角度分析验证了响应的理论计算表达式。结果表明：湍流主要导致高频姿态角响应，风切变对飞行状态量变化占主导作用，且垂向风是引起威胁的主要因素，据此提出危险风场规避建议。     

一种非仿射高超声速飞行器的智能控制方法

针对非仿射高超声速飞行器控制问题，提出了一种基于强化学习的非线性反步控制方法。首先，基于高超声速飞行器的非仿射模型，设计了基于反步法的鲁棒跟踪控制器；其次，鉴于该控制器的性能和鲁棒性对参数比较敏感，借助深度确定性策略梯度的智能控制方法，对控制器进行了参数在线调整和控制指令补偿；最后，通过理论分析和仿真结果验证了当存在额外扰动和未建模动态时，所提出的智能控制器仍能保证攻角稳健跟踪期望目标。     

舰载倾转旋翼机着舰域耦合流场数值模拟研究

倾转旋翼机是当前旋翼飞行器研究的热点,但有关舰载倾转旋翼机着舰域耦合流场的研究还很少。以两栖攻击舰(LHA)和V-22"鱼鹰"倾转旋翼机为研究对象,基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程和SST k-ω湍流模型对舰载倾转旋翼机着舰域耦合流场进行数值模拟研究,并探讨了不同着舰高度时机/舰耦合流场的相互作用。结果表明:倾转旋翼尾流会与舰船脱落涡、甲板舷涡以及舰岛艉涡发生较强的"涡-涡干扰"现象,加大了耦合流场的湍流强度;舰船流场的低频非稳态特征会导致旋翼桨盘气动载荷发生显著的波动,不利于飞行操纵;垂直降落过程中,舰船甲板会形成"前低后高"的压力分布特征,倾转旋翼RMS气动载荷值也会明显增加,降低了着舰安全性,且右旋翼RMS气动载荷值比左旋翼平均大一倍以上,这也表明右旋翼面临着更加严峻的气动环境。     

基于ADS-B的飞机冲突探测

面对飞行流量持续快速增长、民航空域资源日益短缺的状况,对飞机间的潜在冲突进行有效探测,是避免飞机间危险接近或碰撞发生的关键.对飞机周围区域进行合理建模,给出了一种基于广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)技术的确定型冲突探测算法,充分利用ADS-B报文提供的经度、纬度、速度和航向等信息及其报文高更新率等特点,预先排除无威胁飞机,然后分别从水平和垂直两个方向对飞机之间的冲突进行探测.运用Matlab进行功能仿真,结果表明该算法能有效排除无威胁的飞机,并且能够对有威胁的飞机及时给出告警.该算法对保证自由飞行条件下的飞行安全具有积极意义.     

可重配置的试飞模拟器软件构架研制

试飞模拟器介于工程模拟器和训练模拟器之间,兼顾着工程和训练两方面的任务.在试飞模拟器研制、虚拟试飞应用的基础上,提出了一套完整的可重配置的试飞模拟器软件构架方案,主要包括研究内容、开发环境、开发方法以及系统体系结构.依据此方案研制了一套飞行软件包,并通过虚拟试飞进行了验证.结果表明:可重配置的试飞模拟器飞行软件包克服了...     

Nostoc sphaeroides Kützing,an excellent candidate producer for CELSS

Some phytoplankton can be regarded as possible candidates in the establishment of Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) for some intrinsic characteristics, the first characteristic is that they should grow rapidly, secondly, they should be able to endure some stress factors and develop some corresponding adaptive strategies; also it is very important that they could provide food rich in nutritious protein and vitamins for the crew; the last but not the least is they can also fulfill the other main functions of CELSS, including supplying oxygen, removing carbon dioxide and recycling the metabolic waste. According to these characteristics, Nostoc sphaeroides, a potential healthy food in China, was selected as the potential producer in CELSS. It was found that the oxygen average evolution rate of this algae is about 150 μmol O₂ mg⁻¹ h⁻¹, and the size of them are ranged from 2 to 20 mm. Also it can be cultured with high population density, which indicated that the potential productivity of Nostoc sphaeroides is higher than other algae in limited volume. We measured the nutrient contents of the cyanobacterium and concluded it was a good food for the crew. Based on above advantages, Nostoc sphaeroides was assumed to a suitable phytoplankton for the establishment of Controlled Ecological Life Support System. We plan to develop suitable bioreactor with the cyanobacterium for supplying oxygen and food in future space missions.