Molecular Hydrogen

Observations of H₂ line emission in galactic and extragalactic environments obtained with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) are reviewed. The diagnostic capability of H₂ observations is illustrated. We discuss what one has learned about such diverse astrophysical sources as photon-dominated regions, shocks, young stellar objects, planetary nebulae and starburst galaxies from ISO observations of H₂ emission. In this context, we emphasise use of measured H₂ line intensities to infer important physical quantities such as the gas temperature, gas density and radiation field and we discuss the different possible excitation mechanisms of H₂. We also briefly consider future prospects for observation of H₂ from space and from the ground. Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.     

DELAMINATION FORMATION AND DELAMINATION PROPAGATION OF COMPOSITE LAMINATES UNDER COMPRESSIVE FATIGUE LOADING

Fatigue tests of the smooth composite laminates and the notched composite laminates under compressive cyclic loading have been carried out. The damage mechanism is discussed and analyzed. Damage evolution is monitored using stiffness decay. From these tests, it is found that the initial delamination occurs at the free boundary of smooth specimens, or the notch boundary of notched specimens, subjected to the compression-compression cyclic load. A point of view in relation to two-phases of compression fatigue delamination of composites is proposed, namely, compression-compression delamination consists of the delamination formation phase and the delamination propagation, and there is a “damage transition point” to separate this two-phases. Furthermore, an empirical modulus degradation formula and its parameters fitting method are presented. According to the test data handling results, it is shown that this formula is univocal and can fit the test data conveniently. In addition, two kinds of new anti-buckling devices are designed for these tests. At last, the E-N curves, the D-N curves and the S-N curve of the smooth carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates of T300/648C are determined to predict the fatigue life of the notched composite laminate. And the E-N curve of the notched specimens at the given load ratio R=10 and minimum load P_min=-0.45　kN is also measured to verify the estimated result of fatigue life.     

无人机编队的高阶滑模控制方法研究

在未知干扰环境下,对无人机编队飞行的稳定性和精度提出了更高的要求,采用常规滑模控制的编队算法由于"抖振"等问题,不适应高精度和稳定性的要求.针对此问题,提出了一种基于高阶滑模控制的编队飞行控制方法,以三架无人机编队为例,建立了三维空间高阶滑模控制编队控制模型,实现了长机的航路跟踪及僚机的编队队形控制和保持.仿真结果表明...     

基于预测控制方法的UAV编队飞行

针对传统UAV编队控制律显式考虑约束能力不强的不足,基于预测控制方法和虚拟结构控制策略,设计了一种分布式编队控制律。该控制律能显式地考虑各种约束,每个UAV仅需要滚动求解有限时域优化问题得到自身控制输入,提出了一种简单的代价惩罚的方法实现障碍规避,并将优先级策略引入UAV之间避碰中。仿真结果表明,所设计的编队控制律具有...     

基于势函数的护卫队形控制

利用Multi—agent理论研究一类位置一速度模型的护卫队形控制问题。研究的问题中同时考虑队形实现和过程避碰两个因素,基于势函数方法给出了控制器设计．在设计的控制器作用下,编队中的护卫者能按指定队形护卫被护卫者,并保证在运动过程中编队成员间不发生碰撞。     

航空兵对水面舰艇编队突击作战兵力数量需求估算模型

针对作战方案制定过程中航空兵兵力数量难以估算的问题,在给出航空兵突击水面舰艇作战兵力需求计算的基本思路,对敌我双方攻防作战的初始条件进行设置的基础上,通过对水面舰艇防空作战多层抗击过程的分析,建立了航空兵对水面舰艇编队突击作战的兵力数量需求估算模型,并通过算例对该模型进行了验证。算例表明,该模型具有结构简单、便于计算、结论可行的特点。     

反潜直升机吊放声纳水面舰艇编队尾后锯齿形法搜潜

针对水面舰艇编队尾后方向的潜艇威胁,研究反潜直升机使用吊放声纳搜潜中的警戒扇面、兵力需求、参数决策等问题。通过分析锯齿形法特点、吊放声纳搜潜过程,建立了多机舰艇编队尾后搜潜的警戒扇面定量计算模型。研究了齿形法相邻探测点间距系数、搜索速度等制约因素,探索了吊放声纳作用距离与潜艇航速的定量关系,给出了已探测区等效圆半径的计算方法。仿真计算了舰艇编队尾后搜潜中实际对潜警戒扇面、最优间距系数、不同任务要求下的兵力需求。结果表明:配置2架直升机于舰艇编队尾后15海里处,可建立80.9°的对潜警戒扇面;齿形法最佳间距系数介于1.1~1.3之间。     

预警机指挥编队协同空战分层决策模型

分析了预警机指挥下的机群多编队协同空战过程,根据空战决策特点分别以编队和单机为研究对象,提出了分层决策模型,将预警机指挥下的空战决策分解为战役层决策和战术层决策。针对战役层决策,建立编队目标威胁评估和初始兵力分配模型;针对战术层决策,建立单机目标威胁评估和目标分配模型。通过算例分析,验证了决策模型的有效性和实用性。     

压电智能反射面静态形状控制与作动器位置优化

为了提高反射面的精度,建立了压电智能反射面的形状控制模型,对该结构的力学建模方法、形状控制方法和作动器优化配置算法进行了研究。首先,将蜂窝夹层结构的压电智能反射面等效为多层复合板,根据虚功原理推导了结构的有限元方程。然后,根据建立的有限元方程,推导了反射面变形的均方根误差与作动器控制电压的关系式,以均方根误差最小为优化目标,建立了形状控制优化模型,将作动器控制电压的优化转化为约束优化问题的求解。最后,采用模拟退火算法对压电作动器进行了优化配置。为了验证形状控制的可行性及优化算法的有效性,以300mm口径的平面压电智能反射面为例进行仿真,分析结果表明,通过压电作动器的控制,可以使反射面的重力变形误差减小97%以上,对于给定数目的作动器,通过模拟退火算法优化,可使其布置在最佳的位置。     

基于射击次数的编队防空队形优化配置

为解决舰艇编队协同防空中抗击多方向来袭目标流的队形部署优化问题,提出了以编队对来袭目标流的综合射击次数为目标函数的优化方法。将编队总射击次数分解为零航路捷径和非零航路捷径下的射击次数之和,利用射击次数与、杀伤区纵深、队形配置向量之间的约束关系,给出了计算方法。以一字队形为例,建立了队形部署优化模型。