考虑避免碰撞的编队卫星自适应协同控制

基于势函数法研究具有模型不确定性的编队飞行卫星避免碰撞的自适应协同控制.势函数法的思想为设计碰撞区域势函数值较大,所设计的控制律使得系统势函数具有减小的趋势,从而实现避免碰撞的编队飞行任务.首先,在无外部参考轨迹的情况下,通过引入避免碰撞势函数,提出一种自适应协同控制器,编队卫星最终实现速度一致和避免碰撞.进一步,考虑已知外部参考轨迹的情形,基于新的势函数方法,设计新的自适应协同控制器,能够同时实现避免碰撞、速度一致、卫星跟踪参考轨迹的目的.对于所提出的两种控制方法,均通过合理地应用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析了闭环系统的稳定性.仿真结果表明了所设计控制方法的有效性.     

The Formation Of The First Stars In The Universe

In this review, I survey our current understanding of how the very first stars in the universe formed, with a focus on three main areas of interest: the formation of the first protogalaxies and the cooling of gas within them, the nature and extent of fragmentation within the cool gas, and the physics – in particular the interplay between protostellar accretion and protostellar feedback – that serves to determine the final stellar mass. In each of these areas, I have attempted to show how our thinking has developed over recent years, aided in large part by the increasing ease with which we can now perform detailed numerical simulations of primordial star formation. I have also tried to indicate the areas where our understanding remains incomplete, and to identify some of the most important unsolved problems.     

基于反步推演法的多机编队队形重构控制

针对多无人机（UAV）集结期望的队形和达到稳态速度缓慢影响作战效率,基于反步推演法设计了一种协同导引控制律,用于解决多无人机快速队形重构和快速达到稳定状态。本文以一架虚拟长机为中心,3架僚机在3个顶点组成的三角形编队作为被控对象,且长机的速度方向作为编队的前行方向,僚机跟随长机编队飞行。采用长机导引机制,建立每架僚机的误差动力学模型;基于图论建立任意两架无人机之间的通讯模式,通过反步推演法得到多无人机编队队形保持的导引控制律。通过构建合理的Lyapunov函数,证明所提出的控制方法在编队集结和队形保持的有效性,同时将所提出的方法与模型预测控制（MPC）方法和拉普拉斯方法进行对比,更进一步验证所提方法有效性。仿真结果表明：每架无人机不仅能够按照期望的队形飞行,而且以动态响应快和稳态误差小收敛于虚拟长机的运动轨迹。     

非稳态及多约束下多层级系统器材配置优化方法

针对非稳态及多约束下多层级系统器材配置问题进行了研究。首先,以索马里护航器材利用率非常低为研究背景,给出了基地和中心仓库备件需求率求解方法;其次,运用边际效应法、拉格朗日乘子法求出了3个约束条件的因子值;再次,按是否进行串件拼修或横向供应2种情况,建立了多层级系统器材配置的4个方案;最后,通过案例对比分析了4个方案,可为决策者制定编队平时和战时器材配置方案提供有效的参考依据。     

太阳帆航天器编队维持和重构的方法研究

针对高面质比航天器可以利用太阳光压进行轨道控制的特点,本文提出一种太阳帆航天器编队构型维持和重构的方法.该方法通过控制主从航天器太阳帆姿态角和反射系数,调整主从航天器之间的光压差,产生抵消编队成员间相对运动受到摄动差或进行轨道机动时所需的连续小推力,从而实现编队构型的维持和重构.仿真结果表明,在主航天器太阳帆的姿态角和反射系数相对固定的条件下,对于太阳同步轨道上的高面质比太阳帆航天器编队,使用滑模控制方法,能够调整编队中从航天器太阳帆的姿态角和反射系数产生推力抵消摄动力影响,达到长期维持太阳帆航天器编队构型的目的;通过开环控制方法,能够调整编队中从航天器太阳帆的姿态角和反射系数产生连续小推力,在较长时间周期内实现编队重构.     

基于连续螺旋滑模的无人机分布式编队控制

为了解决复杂环境中无人机分布式编队控制问题,考虑外界干扰影响和状态信息不完全反馈情况,对无人机设计分布式编队控制器。无人机利用自身位置反馈,基于二阶精确微分器设计状态观测器,得到无人机速度和干扰的估计值;结合自身估计信息和邻机位置、速度的估计,基于连续螺旋滑模控制方法设计编队控制器和姿态跟踪控制器;稳定性分析保证了无人机闭环系统稳定性。基于Matlab/Simulink数值仿真和软件在环实时仿真平台,验证了所设计控制算法的有效性,并演示了三维可视化仿真结果。     

Spacecraft formation flying for Earth-crossing object deflections using a power limited laser ablating

A formation flying strategy with an Earth-crossing object (ECO) is proposed to avoid the Earth collision. Assuming that a future conceptual spacecraft equipped with a powerful laser ablation tool already rendezvoused with a fictitious Earth collision object, the optimal required laser operating duration and direction histories are accurately derived to miss the Earth. Based on these results, the concept of formation flying between the object and the spacecraft is applied and analyzed as to establish the spacecraft’s orbital motion design strategy. A fictitious “Apophis”-like object is established to impact with the Earth and two major deflection scenarios are designed and analyzed. These scenarios include the cases for the both short and long laser operating duration to avoid the Earth impact. Also, requirement of onboard laser tool’s for both cases are discussed. As a result, the optimal initial conditions for the spacecraft to maintain its relative trajectory to the object are discovered. Additionally, the discovered optimal initial conditions also satisfied the optimal required laser operating conditions with no additional spacecraft’s own fuel expenditure to achieve the spacecraft formation flying with the ECO. The initial conditions founded in the current research can be used as a spacecraft’s initial rendezvous points with the ECO when designing the future deflection missions with laser ablation tools. The results with proposed strategy are expected to make more advances in the fields of the conceptual studies, especially for the future deflection missions using powerful laser ablation tools.     

星载聚束式SAR 精确成像处理

分析了星载聚束式合成孔径雷达(SAR)的信号特性,主要研究了多普勒中心频率、多普勒带宽以及脉冲重复频率(PRF)与斜视角的关系.基于改进的Chirp Scaling算法,处理时采用了子孔径方法.通过子孔径方法,可以有效降低数据率及雷达发射峰值功率,并可解决多普勒中心频率的时变问题.此外,分析了偏航控制对于实现精确成像的必要性,给出偏航控制规律,证明偏航控制可以有效减小距离徙动量,降低成像处理难度.最后,通过计算机仿真,验证了处理方法的有效性.     

圆轨道欠驱动航天器编队重构脉冲控制

针对圆轨道径向或迹向欠驱动航天器编队重构控制问题,提出了欠驱动脉冲控制方法。首先,基于圆轨道欠驱动航天器相对运动动力学模型,分析了两类欠驱动条件下的系统可控性和重构可行性。然后,解析推导了两类欠驱动条件下实现重构所需的最少脉冲次数以及对应的速度增量消耗。最后,设计数值仿真算例,验证了本文提出的欠驱动脉冲控制方法的正确性。仿真结果表明:径向和迹向欠驱动条件下均可实现圆轨道编队重构。与全驱动控制方法相比,欠驱动控制方法可有效避免由推力器故障引起的重构任务失效,故而提高了控制系统的灵活性与可靠性。