DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID RANS / LES CODE AND ITS VALIDATION

A computational code based on the hybrid RANSLES approach is developed. The hybrid approach com- bines the delayed detached-eddy simulation（DDES） with an improved RANS-LES hybrid model aiming at wall modeling in LES（WMLES）. In the code, the convective flux is solved using the fourth-order skew-symmetric scheme so as to diminish the negative effect of numerical dissipation. The Spalart-Allmaras（S-A） model is applied as a suhgrid scale（SGS） model. To validate the developed code, homogeneous isotropic turbulence and turbulent channel flow are simulated and the results are compared with experimental data and DNS results. The results of the isotropic turbulence show that the fourth-order skew-symmetric scheme is adequate enough and the model works well coupling with the convective scheme. The results of the turbulent channel flow agree well with the DNS data, the predicted velocity profiles at Reynolds number from 178 to 2 700 match well with the Reichardt＇s law, and the organized vortical structures are well captured.     

基于RANS-LES混合方法的翼型大迎角非定常分离流动研究

使用雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程-大涡模拟（RANS-LES）混合方法中的延迟分离涡模拟（DDES）方法,模拟了NACA 0015翼型在大迎角下的静态绕流和强迫振荡运动并与实验值进行了比较。在大迎角静态翼型大分离流动模拟中,DDES方法捕获了非定常RANS计算未能获得的机翼背风面的涡脱落现象。在所采用的RANS和DDES模型中,基于剪切应力输运（SST）湍流模型的SST-DDES混合方法给出的时均压力系数分布与实验吻合得最好。在大迎角强迫振荡翼型绕流模拟中,DDES方法得到的非定常气动载荷与实验值吻合得很好,正确地反映了最大迎角处阻力和俯仰力矩的阶跃性突变,而非定常RANS计算则给出了完全错误的趋势。     

Experimental investigation of transient thermal behavior of an airship under different solar radiation and airflow conditions

Knowledge of the thermal behavior of airships is crucial to the development of airship technology. An experiment apparatus is constructed to investigate the thermal response characteristics of airships, and the transient temperature distributions of both hull and inner gas are obtained under the irradiation of a solar simulator and various airflow conditions. In the course of the research, the transient temperature change of the experimental airship is measured for four airflow speeds of 0 m/s (natural convection), 3.26 m/s, 5.5 m/s and 7.0 m/s, and two incident solar radiation values of 842.4 W/m² and 972.0 W/m². The results show that solar irradiation has significant influence on the airship hull and inner gas temperatures even if the airship stays in a ground airflow environment where the heat transfer is dominated by radiation and convection. The airflow around the airship is conducive to reduce the hull temperature and temperature nonuniformity. Transient thermal response of airships rapidly varies with time under solar radiation conditions and the hull temperature remains approximately constant in ∼5–10 min. Finally, a transient thermal model of airship is developed and the model is validated through comparison with the experimental data.     

风洞试验绳牵引并联支撑技术研究进展

新型飞行器的研制越发强调先进的飞行性能,这对风洞试验模型支撑技术提出了高的要求,为扩展风洞试验的能力,迫切需要研究新型的智能支撑技术。绳牵引并联支撑是基于机器人技术的一种新型机构,具有刚度较大,动态性能良好等优点,为风洞试验提供了一种新的手段。首先,全面论述了绳系支撑在风洞试验中的应用,并给出动态分析;进一步根据绳牵引并联支撑技术的特点,将其分为可实现受迫运动的冗余约束支撑,以及可实现受迫+自由运动的欠约束支撑;其次,重点阐述了冗余约束与欠约束两类支撑系统的若干关键技术问题及其研究进展;最后,指出绳牵引并联支撑技术的发展方向是具有可重构性和智能化。可为绳牵引并联支撑技术在风洞试验中的工程应用提供一定的理论指导与技术支持。     

航空发动机主轴承热分析边界条件处理方法

为了提高航空发动机主推力球轴承热分析的计算精度,对轴承的摩擦发热和对流换热边界条件进行了分类及研究。应用ANSYS有限元分析软件,采用将摩擦热按体积生热率处理和将摩擦热按热流密度处理的2种不同方式,对边界条件进行了加载,分别对试验器状态的发动机主轴承进行了热分析计算,并与试验测量结果进行了对比。计算结果表明:采用表面效应单元加载热流密度的方式得到的轴承温度分布更理想,内部热点温度更集中,热点温度比按体积生热率加载的高。2种边界条件处理方法均已应用到航空发动机润滑系统热分析中,提高了航空发动机润滑系统热分析的准确性。     

条缝肋管风冷换热器传热系数计算及最佳设计

介绍了近似计算空调常用条缝肋片管风冷换热器传热系数及流动阻力的数学模拟, 计算方法和试验比较吻合, 说明计算方法是可行的、实用的。对风冷换热器进行优化设计和原产品对比, 效果明显, 说明优化设计是可行的。      

Statistical survey on sawtooth events,SMCs and isolated substorms

Solar wind driving can cause a variety of different responses in the magnetosphere. Strong and steady driving during geomagnetic storms may result in sawtooth events. Strong to moderate driving may be followed by either sawtooth events or steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) events. Lower solar wind energy input typically leads to the formation of isolated non-storm substorms. This study uses superposed epoch analysis to reveal the typical properties of these three event groups as well as their similarities and differences. We use IMF and solar wind parameters, as well as ground-based indices (AL, SYM-H, ASY-H, PCN) to examine the level of solar wind driving and its response in the magnetosphere. Our results show that sawtooth events are associated with the strongest ionospheric activity. The subgroups of events during constant solar wind _EY$E_Y$ show that the key difference between the events is the average solar wind speed. Particularly, the high activity during sawtooth events is driven by high solar wind speed, while the lowest average speed during the SMCs may explain the lack of substorm activity during the steady convection periods.     

层板内冷通道辐射换热影响

分析了层板换热过程,使用了"去除复杂表面"和"无限大平板" 等假设,给出了该假设下层板内腔辐射换热计算公式.又以一特定几何结构的层板模型为例,使用了3维流体力学计算程序求解了流-固耦合情况下的层板内部换热过程,研究了其在4种航空发动机典型工作状态下,内冷通道中的对流和辐射换热情况,得到了辐射与对流换热强度之比θ随冷气入口Re数和燃气加热功率的变化曲线,并对该曲线进行了指数拟合.建立了一套快速简捷计算层板内腔辐射状况的方法,为层板内腔换热研究是否应该忽略辐射,以及对层板冷却效果的修正,提供了一定的判断和计算依据.      

叶片排干涉对叶片颤振和强迫响应影响的研究

叶片排干涉对叶片颤振和强迫振动具有显著影响,采用多叶片排三维和二维半激盘模型对此进行了研究。分析表明,叶片排干涉效应与非定常扰动的传播特征及叶片相对轴向位置有关。对稳定性问题,能量法分析结果说明叶片排干涉使叶片更易失稳,但适当调整叶片相对轴向位置有可能提高叶片气动弹性稳定性。在由相邻叶片排尾迹诱导的强迫响应问题中,主要由阵风响应流场决定叶片的气动弹性行为,在亚共振模态下,占主导作用的势流阵风响应随叶片排轴向间距减小而迅速增强,故在叶轮机设计中,叶片排轴向间距不应低于一定的安全值,以免诱导过强的阵风载荷和叶片强迫响应     

热防护系统中六角蜂窝腔内的流动换热研究

通过对六角蜂窝腔内的流动换热进行数值模拟研究,得到了Ra数从500到105范围内侧壁绝热时蜂窝腔内空气的流动换热结果和机理,六角蜂窝的倾斜角度为0°、10°、20°、30°及45°,六角蜂窝的长高比H/L=0.75.数值计算方法采用有限体积的SIMPLEC算法,对流项采用二阶迎风格式进行离散,计算中考虑蜂窝腔内空气的物性变化.计算结果表明,在所计算的问题中如果采用Boussinesq假设将使得计算结果误差比较大.六角蜂窝腔内的空气流动换热机理的研究,对热防护系统设计具有指导意义.