火箭发动机喷管非定常侧向力和流固耦合研究进展

为了提高现代火箭的运载性能,发动机趋于采用大面积比喷管。然而,大面积比喷管由于低空高背压会产生过膨胀现象,导致喷管内部流动分离的非定常和非对称特性,并且发生显著的侧向载荷问题,巨大的侧向载荷又引起喷管的流固耦合现象。总结了喷管流动分离的研究现状,阐述了不同时期喷管侧向载荷的研究目标及成果,并分析了引起喷管侧向载荷的因素。在侧向载荷分析基础上,进一步分析了喷管流固耦合问题的研究进展及方法,最后指出了所存在的科学问题,剖析了喷管侧向载荷设计的关键力学问题,并对今后喷管侧向力问题的研究方向提出了设想。     

Aerodynamic characteristics of morphing wing with flexible leading-edge

The morphing wing can improve the flight performance during different phases. However, research has been subject to limitations in aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing wing with a flexible leading-edge. The computational fluid dynamic method and dynamic mesh were used to simulate the continuous morphing of the flexible leading-edge. After comparing the steady aerodynamic characteristics of morphing and conventional wings, this study examined the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of morphing wings with upward and downward deflections of the leading-edge at different frequencies. The numerical results show that for the steady aerodynamic, the leading-edge deflection mainly affects the stall characteristic. The downward deflection of the leading-edge increases the stall angle of attack and nose-down pitching moment. The results are opposite for the upward deflection. For the unsteady aerodynamic, at a small angle of attack, the transient lift coefficient of the upward deflection, growing with the increase of deflection frequency, is larger than that of the static case. The transient lift coefficient of the downward deflection, decreasing with the increase of deflection frequency, is smaller than that of the static case. However, at a large angle of attack, an opposite effect of deflection frequency on the transient lift coefficient was demonstrated. The transient lift coefficient is larger than that of the static case when the leading edge is in the nose-up stage, and lower than that of the static one in the nose-down stage.     

基于超声导波波束成形的缺陷反演方法研究

利用超声导波对板结构中的缺陷进行反演可以确定缺陷的位置和形状信息,针对走时成像方法在低频范围内效果不佳的问题,提出一种基于波动场的超声导波缺陷反演成像方法。根据波动方程推导出波束成形成像原理,利用Born近似下的散射场数据对成像区域像素点的值进行相干叠加,得到缺陷的位置和形状。再通过波束成形与傅里叶衍射定理在频域的映射关系,将波束成形的结果转化为衍射层析成像图像,得到了更为清晰的反演图像。针对衍射层析成像中存在伪影和噪声的问题,利用二维变分模态分解（Two-dimensional variational mode decomposition,2D-VMD）方法对图像进行降噪处理,有效去除了伪影和缺陷轮廓边缘的毛刺,进一步提高了成像分辨率。反演结果表明该方法可以较为准确地重构出铝板上减薄缺陷的位置、大小和形状,具有较高的分辨率。     

流场计算程序并行化方法的研究

利用“流场分区”的方法把流场计算程序并行化,并成功地在Transputer并行计算机上运行,并行效率可达到80％。介绍了流场划分、并行编程以及提高并行效率的方法。     

自由飞行段跟踪数据的系统误差估计

连续波雷达是目前外火箭轨道测量的主要高精度设备,用数学方法估计和修正其系统误差有特别重要的意义。根据自由飞行轨道方程准确的特点,利用轨道方程建立了估计自由段系统误差的非线性模型,并给出了求解系统误差和轨道参数估计值的计算方法。运用该方法,只要一套MISTRAM系统的跟踪数据,就能给出自由飞行段常值系统误差的估计。     

可修复结构破坏危险性分析

在全面考虑影响结构破坏危险性多种主要随机因素的基础上,重点研究了将定期检查时查出的破损结构修复并重新投入使用情况下的结构破坏危险性分析方法。建立了相应的分析模型,并以某型国产歼击机机翼主梁为例,给出了分析计算结果。结果表明：对于长寿命飞机结构,在使用后期,忽略修复并重新投入使用的结构将是偏危险的。     

微重力下轴对称粘滞流体桥振动传播的近似模型

就微重力环境下处于外围流体浴槽之轴对称粘滞流体桥振动动力学问题,建立了近似振动传播模型。该模型综合考虑了流体桥本身及外围液体浴槽的粘滞效应,将其纳入相应的统一的数理方程之中。解之,得到了稳态流体桥振动的界面函数及相关的其它结论。这些结论与经由ＣｏｓｓｅｒａｔＭｏｄｅｌ和ＬｉｎｅａｒＴｈｒｅｅ－ＤｉｍｅｎｓｉｃｎａｌＭｏｄｅｌ所得结论相近,但却同时包纳了桥内外的粘滞效应。     

低温流体节流过程空化现象的形成与发展规律

文章将RNG 湍流模型与完全空化模型相结合,对孔板节流所导致的低温流体空化流动进行数值模拟,得出了流场中的含气率与压力分布的变化规律。数值模拟研究还发现:由于孔板节流作用使得流场中最低压力出现在孔板喉部,并在此位置出现空化初生点;在低温空化流动中,泡状空化、云状空化、超空化3种空化形态相继出现。分析了空化初生点的压力以及含气率的变化规律,得出了3种空化形态的气相组成;分析了3种空化形态的初生标志,对临界空化状态进行了界定。     

Nonlinear hydromagnetic stability analysis of a pseudoplastic film flow

The long-wave perturbation method is employed to investigate the nonlinear hydromagnetic stability of a thin electrically-conductive pseudoplastic liquid film flowing down the surface of a vertical wall in a magnetic field. The validity of the numerical results is improved through the introduction of the flow index and the magnetic force into the governing equation. In contrast to most previous studies presented in the literature, the solution scheme employed in this study is based on a numerical approximation approach rather than an analytical method. The solution procedure commences by employing the normal mode approach to analyze the linear stability of the film flow. The multiple-scales method is then applied to obtain the weak nonlinear dynamics of the thin-film system for stability analysis. The modeling results reveal that the pseudoplastic film flow system may exhibit both subcritical instability and supercritical stability states. The flow stability can be enhanced by increasing the intensity of the magnetic field and the flow index, respectively. In general, the optimum conditions can be found through the use of a system to alter stability of the film flow by controlling the applied magnetic field.     

碳纤维复合材料元件静态力学测试技术及实证研究

为了验证高温、中温1和中温2碳纤维复合材料与国外碳纤维复合材料技术指标的差别,最大限度地规避国产复合材料在结构设计和使用过程中的风险,需要从宏观力学的角度,通过进行不同铺层方式的高温、中温1和中温2复合材料元件静态力学试验,对强度和应变测试数据进行比对分析,并在测试方法上有所突破。本文主要通过复合材料元件开孔拉伸试验进行分析,提出了采用引伸计来同步测量开孔拉伸强度对应应变响应的试验方法,在碳纤维复合材料元件静态力学检测中取得了良好的应用效果。