薄壁管壳高速正撞击穿孔特性的数值研究

受径向曲率的影响,薄壁管壳遭受高速弹丸撞击产生的局部穿孔毁伤与薄板结构并不相同。本文利用LS-DYNA3D动力学程序,采用光滑粒子流体动力学和有限元法相耦合的方法(SPH-FEM),对球形弹丸高速正撞击不同直径薄壁钢管的穿孔毁伤特性进行数值研究。根据小弹丸高速撞击薄板的物理力学性质,可把穿孔过程简化为初始流动扩孔和随后的惯性扩孔两个阶段,提出一种圆柱管壳高速正撞击穿孔的简化物理模型,并分析圆管直径对轴向孔径和径向孔径尺寸差值比的影响。数值模拟结果表明,撞击速度为2~3 km/s时,薄壁钢管的正撞击穿孔略呈椭圆状,其轴向孔径尺寸稍大于径向孔径尺寸;随着薄壁钢管直径的增加,两个方向的孔径尺寸差值比减小。另外,薄壁钢管遭受小弹丸撞击穿孔后产生碎片云的分布形态受径向直径影响明显,相同撞击条件时,钢管直径越大,则产生碎片云的膨胀角和残余速度也较大。     

The classical Laplace plane as a stable disposal orbit for geostationary satellites

The classical Laplace plane is a frozen orbit, or equilibrium solution for the averaged dynamics arising from Earth oblateness and lunisolar gravitational perturbations. The pole of the orbital plane of uncontrolled GEO satellites regress around the pole of the Laplace plane at nearly constant inclination and rate. In accordance with Friesen et al. (1993), we show how this stable plane can be used as a robust long-term disposal orbit. The current graveyard regions for end-of-life retirement of GEO payloads, which is several hundred kilometers above GEO depending on the spacecraft characteristics, cannot contain the newly discovered high area-to-mass ratio debris population. Such objects are highly susceptible to the effects of solar radiation pressure exhibiting dramatic variations in eccentricity and inclination over short periods of time. The Laplace plane graveyard, on the contrary, would trap this debris and would not allow these objects to rain down through GEO. Since placing a satellite in this inclined orbit can be expensive, we discuss some alternative disposal schemes that have acceptable cost-to-benefit ratios.     

Optimizing Control for Rotor Vibration with Magnetorheological Fluid Damper

The aim of this work is to analyze and design a control system for vibration reduction in a rotor system using a shear mode magnetorheological fluid （MRF） damper. A dynamic model of the MRF damper-rotor system was built and simulated in Matlab/Simulink to analyze the rotor vibration characteristics and the vibration reduction dfeet of the MRF damper. Based on the numerical simulation analysis, an optimizing control strategy using pat- tern search method was proposed and designed. The control system was constructed on a test rotor bench and ex- periment validations on the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy were conducted. Experimental results show that rotor vibration caused by unbalance can be well controlled whether in resonance region （70~） or in non- resonance region （30 ~）. An irregular vibration amplitude jump can be suppressed with the optimization strategy. Furthermore, it is found that the rapidity of transient response and efficiency of optimizing technique depend on the pattern search step. The presented strategies and control system can be extended to multi-span （more than two or three spans） rotor system. It provides a powerful technical support for the extension and application in target and control for shafting vibration.     

高超声速复杂流动中的限制器效应数值仿真

从理论分析和数值计算两个方面,对计算流体动力学(CFD)计算中常见的几种MUSCL型迎风式限制器耗散特性进行了研究,包括superbee限制器、van Albada限制器和两种minmod限制器。首先从理论上证明minmod限制器可以是耗散性较小的压缩型限制器,前人关于minmod限制器完全是耗散型限制器的认识是不准确的。其次,通过NACA0012翼型绕流计算表明,限制器耗散特性会对数值计算收敛过程产生重要影响,耗散性越小,如superbee限制器,则收敛越困难。第三,通过一个有实验结果的24°压缩拐角高超声速复杂流动数值计算,进一步澄清了前人关于minmod限制器耗散特性的不准确认识,得到了与理论分析相一致的计算结果,即 minmod 限制器可以是耗散性比Albada限制器更小的压缩型限制器。计算结果表明,对于包含强激波的高超声速复杂流动,本文使用的minmod限制器比superbee限制器和van Albada限制器更容易满足稳定性和高精度的计算要求。     

飞翼布局无人机进排气影响及机理分析

进气道尾喷管的存在不仅影响着飞机机身前后的流场特性与压力分布,而且影响着飞机升力特性、阻力特性以及力矩特性.为了研究进排气效应对飞机气动特性的影响,采用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟技术,建立飞翼布局无人机(UAV)堵锥整流模型和动力影响模型,其中动力影响模型是根据发动机不同的工作状态,在进气道以及尾喷管截面上设置不同的边界条件,对比分析这两种计算模型在流场特征和气动特性上的差异性,揭示内在的影响机理.进排气效应的研究有助于飞机/发动机的一体化气动综合设计.      

Continuous morphing trailing-edge wing concept based on multi-stable nanomaterial

Morphing technology is one of the most effective methods to improve the flight efficiency of aircraft. Traditional control surfaces based morphing method is mature and widely used on current civil and military aircraft, but insufficiently effective for the entire flight envelope. Recent research on morphing wing still faces the challenge that the skin material for morphing should be both deformable and stiff. In this study, a continuous morphing trailing-edge wing with a new multi-stable nano skin material fabricated using surface mechanical attrition treatment technology was proposed and designed. Computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to study the aerodynamic performance of the continuous morphing trailing-edge wing. Results show that the lift coefficient increases with the increase of deflection angle and so does the lift-drag ratio at a small angle of attack. More importantly, compared with the wing using flaps, the continuous morphing trailing-edge wing can reduce drag during the morphing process and its overall aerodynamic performance is improved at a large angle of attack range. Flow field analysis reveals that the continuous morphing method can delay flow separation in some situations.     

卫星氢镍蓄电池电解液在轨回流特性仿真

氢镍蓄电池电解液在轨流动特性是影响其工作性能和使用寿命的重要因素,对蓄电池设计与优化具有重要意义。针对高轨通信卫星使用的80Ah氢镍蓄电池,建立了电解液流动运动的三维仿真模型,采用计算流体动力学（CFD）数值仿真方法,对氢镍蓄电池单体内的电解液在轨微重力条件下的流动特性和分布特点进行了仿真研究。通过对比分析不同边界条件下的仿真结果,提出了在蓄电池极堆与壳体两端之间增加电解液流动路径可以提高电解液回流速度,并改进卫星氢镍蓄电池在轨工作性能,研究结果可为卫星蓄电池和电源系统设计提供参考。     

Diagnostic and modelling investigation on the ion acceleration and plasma throttling effects in a dual-emitter hollow cathode micro-thruster

Hollow cathode discharges are widely used as neutralizers for the electric propulsion systems and recently developed into micro-thrusters for the small satellites. In this work, a dual-emitter hollow cathode thruster is developed, which can be operated in two different modes—the neutralizer mode and the micro-thruster mode. For characterizing this kind of new device, the Langmuir probe, Faraday probe, and retarding potential analyzer are used to determine the electron temperature, electron density, ion flux, and ion energy distribution function. The operating parameters, including the thrust, and specific impulse, are also measured. A two-dimensional self-consistent extended fluid model is employed to calculate the spatial distribution of plasma parameters and the fluid field of electrons in the region around the emitters. By comparing the diagnostic and modelling results, it is found that the change in the electric field and ionization zone is the essential reason for the different performances of the device in the neutralizer and micro-thruster modes. Variation in the electric field leads to an ion acceleration effect in the micro-thruster mode; moving of the ionization zone raises the plasma pressure in the orifice region of the hollow cathode, and thus leads to enhanced plasma throttling and gas expanding effects. By analyzing the above mechanisms, the possible methods for improving this kind of hollow cathode micro-thruster are discussed.     

二维跨音速Euler方程分区并行算法

对二维跨音速流动的Euler方程分区算法、并行算法以及多区计算的有效内边界耦合条件进行了探讨,应用Van Leer矢通量分裂方法和一维数组方式,研究了多种区域分解数目的分区计算效率.并行计算中采用"先进先出"的同步控制等待机制,采用纯结点并行编程方式进行了单区、二区和四区并行计算对比,分析了影响并行效率和通讯过载比的主要因素.     

Medium Earth Orbit dynamical survey and its use in passive debris removal

The Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) region hosts satellites for navigation, communication, and geodetic/space environmental science, among which are the Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS). Safe and efficient removal of debris from MEO is problematic due to the high cost for maneuvers needed to directly reach the Earth (reentry orbits) and the relatively crowded GNSS neighborhood (graveyard orbits). Recent studies have highlighted the complicated secular dynamics in the MEO region, but also the possibility of exploiting these dynamics, for designing removal strategies. In this paper, we present our numerical exploration of the long-term dynamics in MEO, performed with the purpose of unveiling the set of reentry and graveyard solutions that could be reached with maneuvers of reasonable $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ cost. We simulated the dynamics over 120–200?years for an extended grid of millions of fictitious MEO satellites that covered all inclinations from 0 to 90°, using non-averaged equations of motion and a suitable dynamical model that accounted for the principal geopotential terms, 3rd-body perturbations and solar radiation pressure (SRP). We found a sizeable set of usable solutions with reentry times that exceed $～40$ years, mainly around three specific inclination values: 46°, 56°, and 68°; a result compatible with our understanding of MEO secular dynamics. For $\mathrm{\Delta }V?300$ m/s (i.e., achieved if you start from a typical GNSS orbit and target a disposal orbit with $e<0.3$), reentry times from GNSS altitudes exceed $～70$ years, while low-cost ($\mathrm{\Delta }V?5–35$ m/s) graveyard orbits, stable for at lest 200?years, are found for eccentricities up to $e\approx 0.018$. This investigation was carried out in the framework of the EC-funded “ReDSHIFT” project.