飞机油箱水锤效应研究方法及进展

油箱是飞机生存力研究中的关键部件,水锤效应是油箱的主要破坏方式之一。综述了国内外在水锤效应研究方面的三种不同方法,发现试验方法简单直接,却易受试验条件限制;理论分析方法由于引入过多的假设,适用范围有限;数值模拟方法操作简单,参数可控,但其准确性受材料本构参数的影响。单一地使用一种方法不能解决飞机油箱的水锤效应问题。本文在总结前人研究水锤效应的基础上,指出只有结合使用三种方法才能真正解决水锤效应问题,从而设计高生存力的油箱。     

4D Lattice Flower Constellations

4D Lattice Flower Constellations is a new constellation design framework, based on the previous 2D and 3D Lattice theories of Flower Constellations, that focus on the generation of constellations whose satellites can have different semi-major axis and still present a constellation structure that is maintained during the dynamic of the system. This situation can arise when dealing with satellites with very different instruments, or when it is of interest to coordinate two different constellations. In that sense, 4D Lattice Flower Constellations constitutes the most general representation of the Flower Constellation formulation. In addition, the effects of the $J_2$ perturbation are taken into account in order to generate distributions that maintain their initial design configuration under this perturbation for longer periods of time with a low fuel budget. Finally, examples of application are presented, showing the possibilities in satellite constellation design of this new approach.     

喷雾液滴撞击液膜影响参数及流动机理分析

液滴撞击壁面是喷雾冷却中最常见的现象。使用计算流体力学软件中的Volume of Fluid （VOF）模型对液滴撞击壁面过程进行了数值模拟研究，研究了不同参数的液滴撞击壁面液膜过程的水花形态特点，针对水花高度和直径等参数进行了分析，通过运动间断理论和无量纲参数Re和We的变化分析了不同参数对液膜的流动特征和水花形态的影响及水花产生机理。结果表明：大液滴撞击液膜时能够改善液膜的流动状态；过大的液滴速度会产生大量飞溅及表面干涸；液滴撞击薄液膜时，液膜的流动性较好，当0.6<h*<1.2时，液膜的流动性不随液膜厚度改变。     

Motion equations of hemispherical resonator and analysis of frequency split caused by slight mass non-uniformity

The mass non-uniformity of hemispherical resonator is one of reasons for frequency split, and frequency split can cause gyroscope to drift. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the relationship between mass non-uniformity and frequency split, which can provide a theoretical basis for mass balance of imperfect resonator. The starting point of error mechanism analysis for gyroscope is the motion equations of resonator. Firstly, based on the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis in the elastic thin shell theory, the geometric deformation equations of resonator are deduced. Secondly, the deformation energy equation of resonator is derived according to the vibration mode and relationship between the stress and strain of hemispherical thin shell. Thirdly, the kinetic energy equation of resonator is deduced by the Coriolis theorem. Finally, the motion equations of resonator are established by the Lagrange mechanics principle. The theoretical values of precession factor and natural frequency are calculated by the motion equations, which are substantially consistent with the ones by the finite element method and practical measurement, the errors are within a reasonable range. Simultaneously, the varying trend of natural frequency with respect to the geometrical and physical parameters of resonator by the motion equations is consistent with that by the finite element analysis. The above conclusions prove the correctness and rationality of motion equations. Similarly, the motion equations of resonator with mass non-uniformity are established by the same modeling method in case of ignoring the input angular rate and damping, and the state equations with respect to the velocity and displacement of vibration system are derived, then two natural frequencies are solved by the characteristic equation. It is concluded that one of reasons for frequency split is the 4th harmonic of mass non-uniformity, and thus much attention should be paid to minimizing the 4th harmonic of mass non-uniformity in the course of mass balancing for imperfect resonator.     

Erosion degradation characteristics of a linear electro-hydrostatic actuator under a high-frequency turbulent flow field

The paper proposes a performance degradation analysis model based on dynamic erosion wear for a novel Linear Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (LEHA). Rather than the traditional statistical methods based on degradation data, the method proposed in this paper firstly analyzes the dominant progressive failure mode of the LEHA based on the working principle and working conditions of the LEHA. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method, combining the turbulent theory and the micro erosion principle, is used to establish an erosion model of the rectification mechanism. The erosion rates for different port openings, under a time-varying flow field, are obtained. The piecewise linearization method is applied to update the concentration of contaminated particles within the LEHA, in order to gain insight into the erosion degradation process at various stages of degradation. The main contribution of the proposed model is the application of the dynamic concentration of contamination particles in erosion analysis of Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valves (EHSVs), throttle valves, spool valves, and needle valves. The effects of system parameters and working conditions on component wear are analyzed by simulations. The results of the proposed model match the expected degradation process.     

潜艇应急燃气吹除过程的数值仿真及实验验证

进行了潜艇应急燃气吹除系统的小比例模型原理实验,模拟了水下100 m深度时燃气吹除的排水性能与规律以及燃气吹除过程中的主要性能参数变化情况.建立了模拟小比例实验吹除过程的物理模型,应用结构化六面体网格对其两相流体流动区域进行了计算区域的离散化,并对100m海水深度下的燃气吹除过程进行了数值仿真计算,得到了对燃气泡成长规律的描述,深化了对排水过程机理的认识.仿真结果与实际情况的实验结果十分吻合,混合气体压力和排水总体积的相对误差均不超过5%,验证了数值仿真方法的可行性.     

榫连结构的高应力梯度及破坏分析

某燕尾形榫连结构的分析表明叶盘榫齿/榫槽接触区边缘存在较高的应力梯度,接触应力的有限元解同网格疏密程度密切相关.通过建立一系列不同密度网格的模型,对此问题展开有限元建模分析,以改善接触应力的求解精度,同时深入讨论材料弹塑性对接触应力的影响.在弹塑性接触应力分析的基础上,采用断裂力学方法建立了榫连结构高应力梯度位置的破坏分析模型,判断裂纹的萌生及扩展方向,以进行结构的强度及寿命分析.     

基于矩阵误差的流动自适应求解

为了构造一个网格沿流场特征方向进行分布,以保证整个流场的误差尽量均匀化的网格系统,本文对可压缩流动的自适应求解进行了研究.研究内容包括基于误差矩阵的流场特征探测方法和网格自适应方法.网格自适应方法包含网格移动、网格加密、网格稀疏以及这3种方法的混合.基于误差矩阵的流场探测方法能找到流场特征的主方向, 通过网格自适应使得网格按主方向进行分布,可以减少该区域的误差而得到高精度的解.以边为单位能使得该流场的误差尽可能均匀化.本文以捕捉激波为例,对该方法的过程及应用进行了描述,结果验证了该方法的可靠性.     

对称交叉激波和湍流边界层相互作用的数值研究

针对两种双尖鳍外形的对称交叉激波与湍流边界层相互作用,采用N-S方程和两种湍流模型进行了计算。研究了网格收敛性、鳍的角度和湍流模型对壁面压强、Stanton数和壁面摩擦力线的影响。弱相互作用的计算结果较好,强相互作用的壁面压强和摩擦力线的计算结果与试验吻合较好,而Stanton数的计算结果较差,峰值高达试验的2.5倍左右。随着鳍的角度的增加,壁面压强和Stanton数的分布从单调分布发展为M型分布,两者的峰值不在相同的位置。湍流模型对壁面压强和壁面摩擦力线影响很小,对Stanton数计算的影响很大,SST模型比BSL模型表现好一些。     

流体网络节点残量修正算法的改进

为了提高流体网络求解的收敛性与稳定性,对网络节点残量修正算法进行改进。基于理论分析,提出使残量修正算法大范围收敛的初值赋值规律,并通过简单模型的数值分析加以验证;在节点残量修正显式迭代的基础上,提出隐式梯形迭代格式,扩大最大迭代步长。基于改进方法,以某典型航空发动机空气系统为例进行计算,获得空气系统各节点的压力、温度以及各支路的质量流量。该计算过程显示,相对于残量修正显式迭代,改进计算振荡大幅度减弱,收敛速度提高了80%以上。结果表明:改进算法有效地提高了流体网络求解的稳定性和收敛性。