螺旋桨式微型飞行器飞行特性分析

以南航研制成功的某型号微型飞行器为背景,以该型机的风洞实验数据为基础,针对该机的独特气动布局形式,对该机进行了六自由度飞行力学模型的建立。在建模过程中,考虑了螺旋桨滑流对飞机的气动干扰及不同飞行状态下螺旋桨拉力及扭矩的变化。通过应用四阶龙格-库塔方法对该运动方程进行数值求解,对该型微型飞行器的飞行动力学问题进行了非线性分析。     

矢量推力飞行控制不确定性系统中鲁棒控制器的设计

采用加权灵敏度函数环路成形的H∞准则,给出了矢量推力喷管飞行控制系统的一种鲁棒控制器设计方法。飞行条件变化时,该对象模型P不稳定,且模型存在动态不确定性,P~(-1)含虚轴极点。在摄动的模型上进行了鲁棒性能的仿真验证。     

QAR超限事件飞行操作风险诊断方法

利用某机型的快速存取记录器(QAR,Quick Access Record)数据,对飞机着陆阶段出现的某一QAR超限事件,选取飞机下降率、俯仰角等飞行员综合操作指标在无线电高度20 feet(1 feet=0.304 8 m)的数值以及20~0 feet之间的变化率,分析由这些指标构成的"空间"中发生该QAR超限事件的"高风险子空间".对同一机场同一机型的多个航班数据初步分析得到,着陆总重大于62 t、着陆温度小于32℃时,正常样本与QAR超限样本占比接近,表明环境因素并非该样本空间中QAR超限事件的主要因素.为进一步诊断,以超限事件发生率最大化为目标,以划分空间中包含的样本满足一定数量标准为约束,建立数学模型,并以黄金分割法为基础设计了算法,找出这些操作指标上区间的边界值,以此诊断可能触发该QAR超限事件的高风险区域,为飞行员模拟机针对性训练提供指导.      

持续载荷飞行模拟器过失速机动过载模拟

对新型的持续载荷飞行模拟器(SGFS,Sustained G-load Flight Simulator)模拟过失速机动过载的方法进行了研究.针对过失速机动中飞机角运动剧烈的特点,推导了考虑飞机转动带来的附加过载的飞机飞行员过载计算公式.在SGFS过载模拟数学模型中应用此公式,以典型的过失速机动动作.Herbst机动为例,对机动时的飞行员过载进行了仿真研究.仿真中SGFS能够较精确地跟踪输入的飞行员三轴过载指令,最大误差小于0.2g.研究结果表明:过失速机动时飞机转动引起的附加过载不可忽略,同时也表明SGFS可较好地用于对过失速机动飞行员过载的模拟.     

飞机座舱显示界面脑力负荷测量与评价

脑力负荷是影响飞行安全的重要因素之一,对飞行员脑力负荷进行客观测量,对于飞机座舱显示界面脑力任务的工效评价与优化设计具有重要意义.基于ERP（Eveat Related Potential）技术,选取失匹配负波（MMN,Mismatch Negativity）和P3a成分为指标,采用三刺激“oddball”模式,在飞行模拟任务条件下开展了三级脑力负荷的测量与评价研究.实验结果表明,MMN峰值和P3a峰值对脑力负荷变化敏感,随着脑力负荷的增加,MMN峰值显著增加,而P3a峰值显著降低,反应了被试者对异常信息的自动加工能力的提高以及朝向注意能力的减弱.与新异刺激相比,由偏差刺激所诱发的MMN与P3a成分对于与飞行任务相关的脑力负荷具有更好的敏感性,将可用于进一步的脑力负荷分级评价.      

编队卫星空间状态参数估计量对ATI测速精度影响

基于对影响沿航向干涉(ATI)测速精度的特征量分析,建立了卫星空间状态参数估计量与ATI测速精度特征量,特征量与测速的关联数学模型。仿真给出了不同场景设置下的特征量精度、误差传播矩阵和测量误差传递关系的精度影响因子,以及最终空间状态参数估计量对测速精度的影响。     

航天器稀疏编队飞行的概念及其设计方法

提出了航天器稀疏编队飞行的概念及其设计方法，阐明了它与通常的紧密编队飞行的区别及其在应用上的前景。采用了一个比Hill解更为广泛的新公式来设计稀疏编队，并列举了若干稀疏编队的阵形。当各航天器距离很近时，该公式自然退化为与Hill解相同的形式。通过与Hill解的设计相比较，表明了新公式用于稀疏编队设计的优越性。     

小卫星编队重构控制研究

主要研究对编队飞行卫星进行 6自由度控制以达到所要求的编队构型。首先 ,分别建立了平移运动模型和旋转运动模型 ;其次 ,重点利用鲁棒控制理论进行平移控制律设计 ,得到了使闭环系统稳定的控制器 ;最后进行了仿真计算 ,验证了控制律设计的有效性和可行性     

Nostoc sphaeroides Kützing,an excellent candidate producer for CELSS

Some phytoplankton can be regarded as possible candidates in the establishment of Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) for some intrinsic characteristics, the first characteristic is that they should grow rapidly, secondly, they should be able to endure some stress factors and develop some corresponding adaptive strategies; also it is very important that they could provide food rich in nutritious protein and vitamins for the crew; the last but not the least is they can also fulfill the other main functions of CELSS, including supplying oxygen, removing carbon dioxide and recycling the metabolic waste. According to these characteristics, Nostoc sphaeroides, a potential healthy food in China, was selected as the potential producer in CELSS. It was found that the oxygen average evolution rate of this algae is about 150 μmol O₂ mg⁻¹ h⁻¹, and the size of them are ranged from 2 to 20 mm. Also it can be cultured with high population density, which indicated that the potential productivity of Nostoc sphaeroides is higher than other algae in limited volume. We measured the nutrient contents of the cyanobacterium and concluded it was a good food for the crew. Based on above advantages, Nostoc sphaeroides was assumed to a suitable phytoplankton for the establishment of Controlled Ecological Life Support System. We plan to develop suitable bioreactor with the cyanobacterium for supplying oxygen and food in future space missions.     

The effects of proton radiation on UHMWPE material properties for space flight and medical applications

Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a polymer widely used as a radiation shielding material in space flight applications and as a bearing material in total joint replacements. As a long chain hydrocarbon based polymer, UHMWPE’s material properties are influenced by radiation exposure, and prior studies show that gamma irradiation is effective for both medical sterilization and increased wear resistance in total joint replacement applications. However, the effects of space flight radiation types and doses on UHMWPE material properties are poorly understood. In this study, three clinically relevant grades of UHMWPE (GUR 1020, GUR 1050, and GUR 1020 blended with Vitamin E) were proton irradiated and tested for differences in material properties. Each of the three types of UHMWPE was irradiated at nominal doses of 0 Gy (control), 5 Gy, 10 Gy, 20 Gy, and 35 Gy. Following irradiation, uniaxial tensile testing and thermal testing using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) were performed. Results show small but significant changes in several material properties between the control (0 Gy) and 35 Gy samples, indicating that proton irradiation could have a effect on the long term performance of UHMWPE in both medical and space flight applications.