气膜孔内局部堵塞对气膜冷却特性的影响

在吹风比为0.3~1.5,堵塞比为0.1~0.5范围内,对平板上单排倾斜气膜孔内局部堵塞所引起的冷气射流流动和冷却特性变化进行了数值研究,分析了堵塞比、堵塞位置和吹风比对绝热气膜冷却效率的影响.在研究参数范围内的研究结果表明:气膜孔出口端前缘的局部堵塞有利于抑制肾形涡,对气膜孔下游的绝热气膜冷却效率有改善作用,并且随着堵塞比和吹风比的增加,对冷却效果的改善越为明显.而在气膜孔出口端尾缘或侧边的堵塞则在较大的堵塞比下削弱气膜冷却效果.相对于气膜孔出气端的局部堵塞,在气膜孔进气端和中部的堵塞对绝热气膜冷却效率的影响要微弱得多.     

Accuracy enhancement of the spherical actuator with a two-level geometric calibration method

This paper presents a two-level geometric calibration method for the permanent magnet （PM） spherical actuator to improve its motion control accuracy. The proposed actuator is com- posed of a stator with circumferential coils and a rotor with multiple PM poles. Due to the assembly and fabrication errors, the real geometric parameters of the actuator will deviate from their design values. Hence, the identification of such errors is critical for the motion control tasks. A two-level geometric calibration approach is proposed to identify such errors. In the first level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of the kinematic equation, which is to identify the geometric errors in the spherical joint. In the second level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of torque formula, which is to calibrate the geometric parameters of the magnetization axes of PM poles and coils axes. To demonstrate the robustness and availability of the calibration algorithm, simulations are conducted. The results have shown that the proposed two-level calibration method can effectively compensate the geometric parameter errors and improve the positioning accuracy of the spherical actuator.     

大型回流边界层风洞的气动与结构设计

大型边界层风洞是开展风工程研究的必备装备。以浙江大学ZD-1边界层风洞的研制为背景,详细介绍了大型回流边界层风洞气动设计和立式结构设计中的关键问题,在风洞气动设计时采用了收缩比为4∶1的单回路单试验段气动轮廓,在试验段中设置了0．22°的当量扩散角,对拐角导流片外形作了特殊处理,并采用钢结构与混凝土结构相结合的立式结构。流场校验结果表明,大型回流边界层风洞的气动与结构设计能满足设计要求,某些指标甚至达到航空风洞的标准,在试验段中设置扩散角有利于降低轴向静压梯度,立式结构设计对提高试验段气流的水平均匀性有一定的作用,可为今后类似风洞的研制提供参考。     

螺旋桨瞬态流场数值模拟

建立完善的螺旋桨绕流理论异常困难,这一方面是由于螺旋桨流场整体旋转性、非定常非线性、三维效应、气流粘性、涡桨干扰等原因;另一方面是螺旋桨流场的流场结构有待于进一步认知。文章采用CFD方法对螺旋桨的瞬态流场结构进行了重点研究,详细绘制了自启动瞬间直至充分发展的螺旋桨瞬态流场结构图及所受气动力的变化图,分析了流场变化特性及其对升力的影响。     

微小推力下小卫星的轨道递推与推力标定

针对采用微小推力进行轨道机动的小卫星,考虑复杂摄动力的基础设计了一种高精度轨道外推和推力在轨标定算法.首先,建立了考虑地球复杂摄动力和微小推力的小卫星轨道动力学模型;然后基于动力学模型,利用变步长龙格库塔算法,设计了对微小推力小卫星进行高精度轨道外推的方法.随后通过无迹卡尔曼滤波器(UKF),设计在轨标定算法,对存在误...     

Physical mechanism of the vertical electric field generation over active tectonic faults

The concept of the Global Electric Circuit (GEC) provides an explanation of the existence of a vertical atmospheric electric field and coupling between the ground and ionosphere. Presently, ionospheric physics pays more attention to electric fields and coupling processes in the polar and auroral regions, whereas in other areas the potential difference between the ground and ionosphere usually is not taken into account. Regional processes exist, however, that are able to significantly affect the GEC parameters and through modification of the ionospheric potential to create plasma density irregularities of different scales within the ionosphere. One such source of ionosphere modification is air ionization in the vicinity of active tectonic faults, which takes place due to increased radon emanation. This paper considers the process of local modification of the GEC and corresponding ionospheric variability due to tectonic activity.     

Thermal cyclotron radiation from a hot coronal loop with helical magnetic field

The spectral and polarization properties of thermal cyclotron radio emission from a hot coronal loop with a current along the axis are computed. The magnetic field is supposed to have a component along the loop axis as well as a poloidal part due to the current, both components being of comparable magnitude. In this specific configuration a helical magnetic field is present with a remarkable minimum of its absolute value along the loop axis and a maximum at its periphery. The presence of one or two maxima of magnetic field value along the line of sight results in increasing optical thickness of the gyroresonance layers at appropriate frequencies in the microwave band and, therefore, in enhanced radio emission at those harmonics which are optically thin (for example,s=4). These cannot be observed in models with the commonly employed magnetic field configuration (longitudinal along the loop axis).We show that the frequency spectrum of thermal cyclotron radiation from a hot coronal loop with a helical magnetic field differs from that of the standards-component source (with smooth frequency characteristics and polarization corresponding toe-mode) in that plenty of fine structures (line-like features and cut-offs) are present and theo-mode is prevalent in some frequency intervals. The enhanced radio emission at high harmonics and the complicated form of frequency spectrum in the model considered imply that some microwave sources, which are poorly explained in traditional models of solar active regions, may be associated with helical magnetic fields in hot coronal loops. Computations allow one to indicate spectral and polarizational peculiarities of local sources testifying to the presence of a helical magnetic field.     

浮动零点法及其在声表面波（SAW）传感器中的应用

温度是影响传感器精度的重要因素。本文介绍了一种新的温度误差校正方法，即浮动零点法。该方法以差动原理和浮动坐标为基础，是实现温度校正较为理想的方法。     

Energy conversion of the flare due to direct electric fields from the sheared reconnection

In this paper we present a new mechanism of the main energy conversion of the solar flare. Since a flare inducing prominence (flux tube) rises V_z ? 300 km s⁻¹, the plasmas below it cannot continuously eject with Alfvén speeds of V_A = 3000 km s⁻¹ but probably with V_z ≈ ±100 km s⁻¹. Plasma up and downflows with V_A will within a short duration be blocked between the chromosphere where reconnected flux tubes are piling up, and the slowly rising flux rope. Hence the Petschek slow shock mechanism is difficult to be realized as a major energy converting mechanism.     

高分影像辅助下的航空高光谱严密几何检校方法

 惯性测量单元(IMU)与传感器视准轴的偏心角和偏心矢量是造成航空线阵列高光谱数据几何校正误差的主要原因之一。在分析偏心角与偏心矢量误差来源之后提出该误差由IMU主轴与传感器主轴的角度偏差、测区固定偏差、GPS中心与传感器投影中心相对偏差组成,在此基础上建立了较为严密的检校模型。针对模型解算时需要大量高精度控制点的问题,提出了一种高分影像辅助下的亚像元精度控制点自动提取方法。通过多地区、多传感器高光谱航测实验表明,亚像元精度控制点能有效提高模型解算精度。新检校模型可获得亚像元校正精度,推扫式传感器——应用型机载成像光谱仪(AISA)建模中误差约为0.39个像元,摆扫式传感器——实用型模块化成像光谱仪(OMIS)建模中误差约为0.23个像元,校正后的影像可直接进行拼接。