GA-Based Model Predictive Control of Semi-Active Landing Gear

Semi-active landing gear can provide good performance of both landing impact and taxi situation, and has the ability for adapting to various ground conditions and operational conditions. A kind of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control algorithm （NMPC） for semi-active landing gears is developed in this paper. The NMPC algorithm uses Genetic Algorithm （GA） as the optimization technique and chooses damping performance of landing gear at touch down to be the optimization object. The valve＇s rate and magnitude limitations are also considered in the controller＇s design. A simulation model is built for the semi-active landing gear＇s damping process at touchdown. Drop tests are carried out on an experimental passive landing gear systerm to validate the parameters of the simulation model. The result of numerical simulation shows that the isolation of impact load at touchdown can be significantly improved compared to other control algorithms. The strongly nonlinear dynamics of semi-active landing gear coupled with control valve＇s rate and magnitude limitations are handled well with the proposed controller.     

Non-destructive Evaluation of Composite Pressure Vessel by Using FBG Sensors

In recent years, advanced composite structures are used extensively in many industries such as aerospace, aircraft, automobile, pipeline and civil engineering. Reliability and safety are crucial requirements posed by them to the advanced composite structures be- cause of their harsh working conditions. Therefore, as a very important measure, structural health monitoring (SHM) in-service is defi- nitely demanded for ensuring their safe working in-situ. In this paper, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are surface-mounted on the hoop and in the axial directions of a FRP pressure vessel to monitor the strain status during its pressurization. The experimental results show that the FBG sensors could be used to monitor the strain development and determine the ultimate failure strain of the composite pressure vessel.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.     

基于SN比试验设计法的磨削条件优化及表面粗糙度预测

通过SN比试验设计法,就各因素对磨削表面粗糙度的影响规律加以分析,并寻求能够获得最小表面粗糙度的最佳加工条件,同时提出预测表面粗糙度的方法,并通过实验加以验证。     

电磁力作用下微型管道中流体流动与混合的实验研究

设计了一种使微管道中导电液体得到混合的方案,利用电场和磁场耦合作用下产生的电磁力作用,使流体产生往复运动及流体界面的弯曲延伸,不同流体的接触面积大大增加,从而提高混合效率。在此基础上搭建了实验平台,利用Micro—PIV系统进行了详细的实验研究,得到了微管道中流体流动的速度场,并对不同电极排列方式下的流场进行分析比较。在实验基础上进行数值验证,并对不同工况下的混合效率进行了分析。结果表明：通过电磁力的扰动作用,确实能有效地提高微管道中流体的混合效率。     

水下冲击波聚焦作用下空化效应的实验研究

冲击波聚焦在聚焦区域形成局部较高压力的同时还会在焦区产生空化效应。基于旋转椭球面反射罩及置于其焦点的水中脉冲放电声源建立了水下冲击波聚焦系统。通过压力传感器测量了反射罩轴向的压力历程曲线及峰值压力分布。同时,搭建了高速摄影所需的光学装置,拍摄了空化现象的高速摄影图片,对水下冲击波聚焦过程和空化汽泡的产生、发展及湮灭的整个过程进行了研究。对压力历程曲线和高速摄影所得结果进行对比分析得到空化现象产生的物理过程。实验结果表明：负压是空化现象发生的主要原因,空化汽泡的塌缩时间与汽泡半径存在线性关系,并且汽泡膨胀阶段持续的时间大于塌缩阶段持续的时间。     

高超声速一体化飞行器冷流状态气动特性研究

采用数值模拟和风洞实验方法,对高超声速一体化飞行器缩比模型在发动机关闭以及发动机通流状态下的气动特性进行研究。实验中采用彩色纹影系统对缩比模型飞行器的超声速流场进行显示,并通过六分量应力天平测得了全机的升力、阻力和俯仰力矩,数值模拟气动力系数以及流场特征与实验结果吻合较好,同时分析了飞行器保持静稳定状态下的质心选择范围。结果表明进气道开启之后飞行器升力阻力以及抬头力矩显著下降,但此飞行器配平迎角仍较大。该实验结果验证了数值方法的可靠性并为飞行器构型设计提供了参考数据。     

高负荷吸附式压气机叶栅开槽方案实验研究

在低速条件下对三种吸气槽方案的高负荷吸附式压气机叶栅进行了详细的实验研究。通过墨迹流场显示法对叶栅壁面流场进行了测量,利用五孔气动探针对叶栅出口截面进行了扫掠,并对不同叶高的型面静压进行了采集,详细分析了全叶高吸气方式和两种局部吸气方式对叶栅流场结构和负荷能力的影响。结果表明,采用吸力面两端吸气对抑制角区分离流动、减弱通道涡强度和尺度、提高叶栅内流动性能的效果要优于其它两种方式,积聚在角区的低能流体由于较大的吸气量而被大量吸除是性能改善的关键。     

轴流风扇/压气机气动性能试验若干问题探讨

为提高航空发动机风扇/压气机试验流程控制的合理性和试验结果评定的真实性,在梳理国内航空发动机压缩部件气动性能试验研究现状的基础上,总结提炼出若干重要技术问题,并通过理论分析和部分试验验证,对所涉及的技术问题进行了深入探讨.分析结果表明:风扇气动性能试验和压气机气动性能试验对试验设备排气能力的要求不同;相比升转速录取方式,降转速录取能够优化风扇/压气机的试验流程;可采取不同措施降低测量探针对风扇/压气机试验结果的固有影响;可调导叶/静叶安装角度定位与全行程调节精度是影响变几何多级压气机气动性能试验结果重复性的主要因素.      

典型直升机旋翼翼型气动特性试验研究

采用高升阻比特性的翼型是提高直升机旋翼气动性能的关键。对在典型的OA309旋翼翼型基础上开发的CH309翼型,进行了低、高速气动特性风洞试验研究。试验分别在FL14风洞和NF-6风洞中进行,采用表面测压和尾耙型阻测量技术。试验结果表明：CH309翼型的总体性能优于OA309翼型。试验结果为直升机旋翼设计时翼型的选取提供了参考。