固体火箭发动机燃烧室冷态突扩气固多相流动的数值模拟

基于欧拉-欧拉双流体方法,建立固体火箭发动机燃烧室轴对称突扩气固多相流动的统一二阶矩两相湍流模型,采用k-ε双方程模拟气相湍流流动和颗粒相湍流雷诺应力kpg方程描述大尺度颗粒湍流运动、小尺度颗粒各向异性弥散特性以及气固相间作用。数值模拟了突扩流动中的颗粒轴向、径向平均速度和脉动速度以及颗粒-气相脉动速度关联轴向分量的分布特性,计算结果与试验吻合较好。研究结果表明:颗粒轴向速度脉动大于径向速度脉动,轴向平均速度梯度影响脉动速度峰值的发生位置和大小;两相脉动速度关联轴向分量大约是径向分量的2倍。     

Integrity of sulfur concrete subjected to simulated lunar temperature cycles

In view of potential application as a construction material on the lunar surface the mechanical integrity of sulfur concrete was evaluated after being subjected to simulated temperature cycles. Here, small cubes of sulfur concrete were repeatedly cycled between room (20 °C) and liquid nitrogen (−191 °C) temperatures after which they, and non-cycled cubes, were evaluated by compression testing. The compression strength of the non-cycled samples averaged ∼35 MPa (5076 psi) before failing whereas the cycled samples fractured at about 7 MPa (1015 psi). Microscopic examination of the fracture surfaces from the cycled samples showed clear de-bonding of the sulfur from the aggregate whereas it was seen adhering in those non-cycled. Based on a simple analysis it was concluded that the large strength discrepancy between cycled and non-cycled samples is due to differences between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials constituting the concrete.     

Singularity analysis for single gimbal control moment gyroscope system using space expansion method

Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) is an effective candidate for agile satellites and large spacecraft attitude control because of its powerful torque amplification capability. The most serious situation, however, in using CMG is the inherent geometric singularity problem, where there’s no torque output along a particular direction. Space expansion method has been proposed in this work for the singularity analysis. Based on inverse mapping transformation, an expanded Jacobian matrix which is a full rank square matrix is obtained. The singular angle sets of the 3-parallel cluster and pyramid cluster are distinguished using space expansion method. An effective hybrid steering strategy, able to deal with the elliptic singularity, is further proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed steering logic compared to the generalized singular robust logic and pseudo inverse logic in terms of energy consumption and torque error.     

一种膨胀映射的不动点定理

王尚志给出了若干种膨胀映射的概念，并证明了它们的不动点存在定理。对其中第一型膨胀映射的不动点定理做了进一步推广。     

正态分位点的矩阵算法浅析

假设标准正态的t分位点记为z(t),本文将根据z(t)的Taylor展开式中各个系数之间的矩阵递推关系,给出一种计算z(t)的近似值的方法,并给出具体的程序运算来验证本文的结论.     

Analysis of the data processing strategies of spherical harmonic expansion model on global ionosphere mapping for moderate solar activity

Spherical harmonic (SH) expansion is widely used to model the global ionosphere map (GIM) of vertical total electron content (VTEC). According to the impact of different data processing methods of the SH expansion model on the VTEC maps, we specifically performed comprehensive analysis in terms of the data sampling rate, the time resolution, the spherical harmonic degree, and the relative constraint. One month of GPS data (January in 2016) from the International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Service (IGS) network in a moderate ionospheric activity period at the descending phase of Solar Cycle 24 was processed. To improve the computational efficiency of the daily GIM generation, the data sampling rate of 5?min was recommended allowing the GIM precision loss within 0.10 TECU (total electron content unit). The global VTEC map could be better represented in temporal and spatial domains with higher time resolution and higher spherical harmonic degree, especially at low latitude bands and in the southern hemisphere. The GIM precision improvement was about 10.91% for 1-h and about 15.15% for 0.5-h compared with the commonly used 2-h time resolution. The use of spherical harmonic degree 17 or 20 instead of 15 could improve the precision by 3.19% or 6.06%. We also found that an optimal relative constraint had to be found experimentally considering both the GIM precision and the GIM root mean square (RMS) map.     

失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度分析的高效算法

失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度分析对指导可靠性优化至关重要，本文从乘法降维及Edgeworth级数展开的角度提出一种失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度指标分析的高效算法。所提算法通过Edgeworth级数展开将失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度指标的求解转化为输出无条件及条件前四阶整数矩的求解。对于输出的无条件及条件四阶矩的计算，基于乘法降维的思想，本文推导了重复利用计算输出的无条件矩的输入输出样本来计算条件矩以及外层关于输入变量一维积分的计算公式，使得仅需重复利用输出无条件前四阶矩求解产生的积分网格内的数据即可同时求得输出的前四阶条件矩以及外层关于输入变量的一维积分。所提算法大大提高了失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度的分析效率。航空发动机涡轮盘以及汽车前轴的分析结果验证了所提算法的高效性及准确性。     

用粘性涡方法计算伞状物绕流

文章用粘性涡方法计算了二维伞状物绕流问题。首先阐述了涡方法的基本理论 ,包括涡元的对流、粘性扩散、物面涡元的脱落、物体所受气动力计算等 ,然后介绍了使用涡方法的一般步骤。最后将完全充满的伞衣简化为二维圆弧壳 ,计算了伞衣内外压力分布、阻力系数及升力系数     

基于数值模拟的孔构件挤压强化疲劳寿命预测

为研究飞机机身7050铝合金孔构件挤压强化后的疲劳增益,采用数值模拟与试验研究相结合的方法,对孔构件的挤压强化过程、疲劳加载过程、疲劳裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展过程进行研究。通过数值模拟探究了孔构件在不同状态下危险截面的应力分布和对应的疲劳行为,分析了残余应力场对疲劳性能的影响,探讨了残余应力与疲劳裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展的内在联系,建立了孔构件挤压强化疲劳寿命数值预测模型。结果表明：孔挤压强化引入的残余压应力可以减小孔构件在受载时孔壁最大拉应力,改变疲劳裂纹的萌生位置,抑制疲劳裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展,提高7050铝合金孔构件疲劳寿命近2倍,疲劳寿命数值预测模型误差在12%以内。     

双脉冲固体火箭发动机压强振荡特性研究

为了研究隔舱消融对双脉冲发动机中燃烧室的压强振荡影响规律,选择隔舱消融几个典型时刻进行研究,运用大涡模拟(LES)方法,对Ⅱ脉冲工作时的发动机流场稳定性进行数值模拟.最后得到了各工况下的压强时间曲线及其快速傅氏变换(FFT)结果.分析表明:由于Ⅱ脉冲工作初期隔舱暴露在流场中产生额外扰动,以及隔舱级间通道形成狭窄通道的加速作用,是导致边界层分离而引起障碍涡脱落的主要因素.点火初期,双脉冲发动机易发生轻微压强振荡.随隔舱消融,整个流场在发动机工作中、后期逐渐趋于平稳.