数字飞行控制系统极限环振荡的抑制

极限环振荡是数字飞行控制系统工程实现中经常出现而又较难克服的问题,本文提出环节比例因子动静选配法,可有效地抑制数字控制系统由于量化非线性而引起的极限环振荡,并得到数模混合仿真的验证。     

发动机机匣低循环疲劳寿命的预测

本文介绍了一种基于局部应力应变法的发动机机匣低循环疲劳寿命预测方法。文中提出了确定机匣载荷谱的建议,论述了在多向应力状态下应如何确定等效应变,使在单向应力状态下确定的应变幅-疲劳寿命曲线可适用于多向应力状态。根据飞行的特点,提出了确定发动机机匣可靠性寿命的计算方法,最后通过实例,证明了所介绍的方法具有较好的精度。本方法比较简便,是一种很有前途的预测法。     

Test sequencing problem arising at the design stage for reducing life cycle cost

Previous test sequencing algorithms only consider the execution cost of a test at the application stage. Due to the fact that the placement cost of some tests at the design stage is considerably high compared with the execution cost, the sequential diagnosis strategy obtained by previous methods is actually not optimal from the view of life cycle. In this paper, the test sequencing problem based on life cycle cost is presented. It is formulated as an optimization problem, which is non-deterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard). An algorithm and a strategy to improve its computational efficiency are proposed. The formulation and algorithms are tested on various simulated systems and comparisons are made with the extant test sequencing methods. Application on a pump rotational speed control (PRSC) system of a spacecraft is studied in detail. Both the simulation results and the real-world case application results suggest that the solution proposed in this paper can significantly reduce the life cycle cost of a sequential fault diagnosis strategy.     

Galactic cosmic ray modulation for sunspot cycle 23

We present a study of the galactic cosmic ray modulation for sunspot cycle 23. We use the monthly and the annual mean hourly, pressure corrected, data from neutron monitors of the global network (monthly rate is calculated as the average of the hourly pressure corrected values). We draw attention to an asymmetry in the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) recovery during odd and even cycles for the monthly mean hourly rate data. For over half a century of observations, we find that the recovery for the odd cycles is to a higher level than for the even cycles. Qualitatively the effect is ascribed to charged particle drifts in inhomogeneous interplanetary magnetic field. Even so it has not been possible to arrive at a quantitative, self-consistent, explanation in terms of drifts at higher and lower GCR rigidities. We also study the rigidity dependence of the amplitude of 11-year modulation over a wide range (1–200 GV) of GCR spectrum; it is a power law in rigidity with an exponent −1.22. We discuss the implication of these findings on quasi-linear diffusion theories of modulation. We reflect on GCR recovery pattern for 2006–2009.     

Accuracy of IRI profiles of ionospheric density and temperatures derived from comparisons to Kharkov incoherent scatter radar measurements

The incoherent scatter radar (ISR) facility in Kharkov, Ukraine (49.6°N, 36.3°E) measures vertical profiles of electron density, electron and ion temperature, and ion composition of the ionospheric plasma up to 1100 km altitude. Acquired measurements constitute an accurate ionospheric reference dataset for validation of the variety of models and alternative measurement techniques. We describe preliminary results of comparing the Kharkov ISR profiles to the international reference ionosphere (IRI), an empirical model recognized for its reliable representation of the monthly-median climatology of the density and temperature profiles during quiet-time conditions, with certain extensions to the storm times. We limited our comparison to only quiet geomagnetic conditions during the autumnal equinoxes of 2007 and 2008. Overall, we observe good qualitative agreement between model and data both in time and with altitude. Magnitude-wise, the measured and modeled electron density and plasma temperatures profiles appear different. We discovered that representation accuracy improves significantly when IRI is driven by observed-averaged values of the solar activity index rather than their predictions. This result motivated us to study IRI performance throughout protracted solar minimum of the 24th cycle. The paper summarizes our observations and recommendations for optimal use of the IRI.     

Comparative study of foF2 measurements with IRI-2007 model predictions during extended solar minimum

The unusually deep and extended solar minimum of cycle 23/24 made it very difficult to predict the solar indices 1 or 2 years into the future. Most of the predictions were proven wrong by the actual observed indices. IRI gets its solar, magnetic, and ionospheric indices from an indices file that is updated twice a year. In recent years, due to the unusual solar minimum, predictions had to be corrected downward with every new indices update. In this paper we analyse how much the uncertainties in the predictability of solar activity indices affect the IRI outcome and how the IRI values calculated with predicted and observed indices compared to the actual measurements. Monthly median values of F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) derived from the ionosonde measurements at the mid-latitude ionospheric station Juliusruh were compared with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007) model predictions. The analysis found that IRI provides reliable results that compare well with actual measurements, when the definite (observed and adjusted) indices of solar activity are used, while IRI values based on earlier predictions of these indices noticeably overestimated the measurements during the solar minimum. One of the principal objectives of this paper is to direct attention of IRI users to update their solar activity indices files regularly. Use of an older index file can lead to serious IRI overestimations of F-region electron density during the recent extended solar minimum.     

Solar Wind Sources and Their Variations Over the Solar Cycle

In this paper I will briefly summarize the present status of our knowledge on the four different sorts of solar wind, their sources and their short- and long-term variations. First: the fast solar wind in high-speed streams that emerges from coronal hole regions. Second: the slow solar wind emerging from the non-active Sun near the global heliospheric current sheet above helmet streamers and underlying active regions. Third: the slow solar wind filling most of the heliosphere during high solar activity, emerging above active regions in a highly turbulent state, and fourth: the plasma expelled from the Sun during coronal mass ejections. The coronal sources of these different flows vary dramatically with the solar activity cycle.     

危险部位数目对轮盘低循环疲劳寿命的影响研究

航空发动机轮盘低循环疲劳危险部位一般是多个,而且具有相同的温度和应力水平。本文参考国外相关资料,系统地推导并给出了考虑多危险部位数目对疲劳寿命影响的修正公式,并给出了两个工程应用实例。结果表明,本文给出的疲劳寿命修正公式简单、实用,可以明显地提高疲劳寿命预测精度。     

闭式布雷顿循环发电系统热力过程建模及其参数影响研究

针对闭式布雷顿循环发电系统热力循环过程及其参数影响,开展系统的热力过程参数建模研究,建立系统发电功率、比功率和效率的计算模型;在此基础上,研究闭式布雷顿循环发电系统比功率和效率随涡轮入口总温及效率、压气机入口总温、压气机压比及效率、累积总压恢复系数等的变化规律,考虑参数灵敏度及其优化潜力,提出可用灵敏度并对系统的比功率和效率进行灵敏度分析。研究表明,闭式布雷顿循环发电系统的比功率和效率随涡轮入口总温及效率、压气机压比及效率、系统累积总压恢复系数等参数的增大而增高,随压气机入口总温的增大而减小。在压气机入口总温、压比与效率、涡轮入口总温及效率、累积总压恢复系数等主要热力参数中,系统比功率灵敏度最高的参数为涡轮效率,系统效率灵敏度最高的参数为压气机压比。考虑参数的实际优化潜力,在循环工质一定的条件下,系统比功率可用灵敏度最高的参数为涡轮入口总温,系统效率可用灵敏度最高的参数为压气机压比。     

基于金属铝水反应的固体氧化物燃料电池/氦氙布雷顿循环动力系统研究

为提高闭式动力装置续航,本文建立了一种基于金属铝水反应的闭式布雷顿循环与固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell,SOFC)联合动力装置。本文以100 kW为输出功率为设计目标进行数学模型的建立,通过布雷顿循环与SOFC循环换热特点进行迭代分析,分别以最大化铝水放热量和提高铝水反应热品质为目标搭建了两个动力系统,并确定了联合动力装置的功率分配和主要参数的设计。结果表明：以提高铝水反应热品质为目标的系统在效率和能量密度方面更具优势。SOFC输出功率占50.98kW,布雷顿循环占49.13kW,系统发电效率为40.02%。