基于直升机飞行性能需求的涡轴发动机设计参数选取方法研究

以直升机性能计算方法为基础,辅以考虑尺寸效应及设计能力的涡轴发动机设计方法,建立了以直升机旋翼桨盘载荷及最大起飞功重比为特征参数的直升机/涡轴发动机性能约束分析模型、任务分析模型及基于直升机飞行性能需求的涡轴发动机设计参数选取模型。针对涡轴发动机部件/系统设计能力及直升机飞行性能需求,首先开展了给定涡轴发动机循环参数下的流量匹配计算,然后开展了涡轴发动机循环参数选取研究。研究表明,所建立的直升机/涡轴发动机性能约束分析模型、任务分析模型可实现给定飞行任务的直升机/涡轴发动机性能耦合设计;在给定涡轴发动机循环参数条件,由于尺寸效应,涡轴发动机部件效率受进口流量的影响,其设计点功率并不随流量等比例变化,从而使得直升机起飞总重呈现非等比例变化;在涡轴发动机循环参数选择时,在满足直升机飞行性能需求下,存在涡轴发动机耗油率与单位功率之间权衡下的循环参数选取,使得直升机起飞总重最小。     

超/亚声速混合层压力不匹配时流动特征

为了获得压力不匹配对超/亚声速混合层空间分布与增长、压力分布和相似性等特征的影响规律,开展试验和数值模拟研究。通过粒子图像测速技术PIV测量混合层空间分布,标准k-ω模型模拟稳态流场特征。超声速气流马赫数为1.32,亚声速气流马赫数为0.11,五组不同压比分别为0.82,0.95,1.11,1.22和1.47。研究结果表明：压力不匹配对混合层增长的影响较弱;当压比>1时,混合层沿流向呈现波纹分布,静压呈现高、低压交替分布;压比增加,混合层内无量纲速度分布不变,无量纲总压减小,而湍流强度增加。基于无粘假设的预测模型捕捉了波节的基本结构与分布。     

A new method to predict fatigue crack growth rate of materials based on average cyclic plasticity strain damage accumulation

By introducing a fatigue blunting factor, the cyclic elasto-plastic Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren (HRR) field near the crack tip under the cyclic loading is modified. And, an average damage per loading-cycle in the cyclic plastic deformation region is defined due to Manson-Coffin law. Then, according to the linear damage accumulation theory-Miner law, a new model for predicting the fatigue crack growth (FCG) of the opening mode crack based on the low cycle fatigue (LCF) damage is set up. The step length of crack propagation is assumed to be the size of cyclic plastic zone. It is clear that every parameter of the new model has clearly physical meaning which does not need any human debugging. Based on the LCF test data, the FCG predictions given by the new model are consistent with the FCG test results of Cr2Ni2MoV and X12CrMoWVNbN 10-1-1. What’s more, referring to the relative researches, the good predictability of the new model is also proved on six kinds of materials.     

The Middle Atmospheric Ozone Response to the 11-Year Solar Cycle

Because of its chemical and radiative properties, atmospheric ozone constitutes a key element of the Earth’s climate system. Absorption of sunlight by ozone in the ultraviolet wavelength range is responsible for stratospheric heating, and determines the temperature structure of the middle atmosphere. Changes in middle atmospheric ozone concentrations result in an altered radiative input to the troposphere and to the Earth’s surface, with implications on the energy balance and the chemical composition of the lower atmosphere. Although a wide range of ground- and satellite-based measurements of its integrated content and of its vertical distribution have been performed since several decades, a number of uncertainties still remain as to the response of middle atmospheric ozone to changes in solar irradiance over decadal time scales. This paper presents an overview of achieved findings, including a discussion of commonly applied data analysis methods and of their implication for the obtained results. We suggest that because it does not imply least-squares fitting of prescribed periodic or proxy data functions into the considered times series, time-domain analysis provides a more reliable method than multiple regression analysis for extracting decadal-scale signals from observational ozone datasets. Applied to decadal ground-based observations, time-domain analysis indicates an average middle atmospheric ozone increase of the order of 2% from solar minimum to solar maximum, which is in reasonable agreement with model results.     

The Response of the Middle Atmosphere to Solar Cycle Forcing in the Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere

This paper studies the response of the middle atmosphere to the 11-year solar cycle. The study is based on numerical simulations with the Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA), a chemistry climate model that resolves the atmosphere from the Earth’s surface up to about 250 km. Results presented here are obtained in two multi-year time-slice runs for solar maximum and minimum conditions, respectively. The magnitude of the simulated annual and zonal mean stratospheric response in temperature and ozone corresponds well to observations. The dynamical model response is studied for northern hemisphere winter. Here, the zonal mean wind change differs substantially from observations. The statistical significance of the model’s dynamical response is, however, poor for most regions of the atmosphere. Finally, we discuss several issues that render the evaluation of model results with available analyses of observational data of the stratosphere and mesosphere difficult. This includes the possibility that the atmospheric response to solar variability may depend strongly on longitude.     

基于并口EPP协议的软件加密卡的设计与开发

本文主要阐述了基于并口EPP协议的软件加密卡的硬件设计。根据实践经验，重点介绍了器件选型与EPP并口时序关键点等注意事项。具有较强的实践意义。     

3 外涵变循环发动机循环参数匹配模拟

3外涵技术能使发动机涵道比调节范围更宽,使其在所有推力范围和全包线下性能最优。分析了带核心机驱动风扇级（CDFS）的3外涵变循环发动机工作机理,利用稳态性能数值仿真程序,开展了3外涵变循环发动机循环参数匹配模拟研究,得到发动机循环参数取值范围。研究结果表明：3外涵变循环发动机工作范围更广,重点是通过改变其涵道比来实现压比的变化和发动机模态的转变,最终实现3外涵变循环发动机的优越性能。     

间接起爆对脉冲爆震发动机热效率影响

建立了基于整个燃烧室内经历不同燃烧方式下所有工质来评估脉冲爆发动机平均循环热效率的方法,通过二维数值方法对两种采用不同数目障碍物的爆震管模型的起爆特性及循环热效率进行了研究,并分析了燃烧波传播的距离与DDT距离之比（定义为ξ）对模型热效率的影响.结果表明:①间接起爆方式及不同DDT强化装置都会影响系统的循环热效率;②就计算模型,当ξ接近1时,其系统平均循环热效率仅为理想爆震循环热效率的60%左右;③随着ξ的增加,间接起爆方式的影响迅速减弱;④当ξ为1.5时,系统平均循环热效率可达爆震燃烧热效率的93%.      

薄膜蒸发稳定器在超级燃烧室内贫油点熄火特性

为了实现涡轮基组合循环发动机燃烧室工作条件下的火焰稳定性与点火要求,首先在超级燃烧室工作条件下定性地分析了两相混气中薄膜蒸发稳定器的稳定机理和燃油蒸发过程。其次,在二元试验段内对Ma=0.1~0.4,T=450~600K的来流条件下对薄膜蒸发稳定器的贫油点火和贫油熄火性能进行试验研究。研究结果表明:相同Ma下,贫油点火当量比与贫油熄火当量比随温度的升高而降低;温度相同时,两相混气中的贫油点火当量比受燃油蒸发的影响较大。通过顺喷和逆喷两种供油方式的试验对比研究发现,雾化槽供油在较高Ma数和较高温度下具有优越的点熄火性能,能够满足涡扇冲压组合发动机燃烧室的使用要求。     

运输类飞机疲劳寿命分析的一种新方法

为了使DFR法能够适用于一般运输类飞机的疲劳分析,对DFR法进行了改进。从飞机各典型飞行任务剖面的使用比例(飞行次数比例)导出其在整个寿命期内所占的损伤比例,进而获得了当量剖面的损伤;然后再以当量剖面的损伤为基准,计算地-空-地(G-A-G)损伤比,再导出当量地-空-地循环数,最后确定出地-空-地循环许用应力和疲劳裕度。改进后的DFR法已应用于实际的工程设计。