液体发动机分级燃烧循环最高室压通用模块化计算方法

提出了一种新的液体火箭发动机分级燃烧循环最高室压计算方法。该方法按照预定的计算顺序，对发动机系统的各个模块进行叠代计算，采用拟牛顿法求解系统未知量。     

基于蜂群算法的变循环发动机最小耗油率优化

性能寻优控制是使变循环发动机满足长寿命、低油耗和大推力需求的主要途径,也是实现飞机推进系统综合控制的关键技术.基于双外涵变循环发动机非线性数学模型,在满足发动机各部件物理约束条件和推力条件下,采用人工蜂群算法对变循环发动机典型亚声速巡航点(H=11 km,Ma=0.8)耗油率进行了寻优分析,找到了耗油率最小条件下发动机6个几何可调参数、5个发动机循环参数最优值.结果表明:亚声速巡航点的耗油率在优化后比优化前降低了4.5％,从而证实人工蜂群算法能够完成变循环发动机多维优化问题.     

Modeling of the outer heliosphere with the realistic solar cycle

Time-dependent kinetic-continuum model of the solar wind interaction with the two-component local interstellar cloud (LIC) has been developed recently [Izmodenov, V., Malama, Y.G., Ruderman, M.S. Solar cycle influence on the interaction of the solar wind with local interstellar cloud. Astron. Astrophys. 429, 1069–1080, 2005a.]. Here, we adopted this model to the realistic solar cycle, when the solar wind parameters at the Earth’s orbit are taken from space data. This paper focuses on the results related to the termination shock (TS) excursion with the solar cycle that may help to understand Voyager 1 data obtained at and after the crossing of the termination shock and to predict the time of the TS crossing by Voyager 2.     

最大飞行Ma=3.5的吸气式动力方案初步研究

针对某高超声速飞行器飞行任务对低速推进系统的需求(Ma≤3.5)，以某小涵道比加力混排涡扇发动机为背景机提出了两套布局方案。研究结果表明：对于加力涡扇发动机方案TF，通过对背景发动机控制规律的优化，能有效降低了发动机在高空大马赫数工作状态时混合器内外涵的总压差异，并且能获得更低的发动机单位耗油率。对于加力涡扇/亚燃冲压并联组合发动机方案，与TF方案相比，进气道和喷管的各自独立使其在结构上更加复杂,重量会大大增加，技术风险加大。     

Debris flux comparisons from the Goldstone Radar,Haystack Radar,and Hax Radar prior,during, and after the last solar maximum

The continual monitoring of the low Earth orbit (LEO) debris environment using highly sensitive radars is essential for an accurate characterization of these dynamic populations. Debris populations are continually evolving since there are new debris sources, previously unrecognized debris sources, and debris loss mechanisms that are dependent on the dynamic space environment. Such radar data are used to supplement, update, and validate existing orbital debris models. NASA has been utilizing radar observations of the debris environment for over a decade from three complementary radars: the NASA JPL Goldstone radar, the MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT/LL) Long Range Imaging Radar (known as the Haystack radar), and the MIT/LL Haystack Auxiliary radar (HAX). All of these systems are highly sensitive radars that operate in a fixed staring mode to statistically sample orbital debris in the LEO environment. Each of these radars is ideally suited to measure debris within a specific size region. The Goldstone radar generally observes objects with sizes from 2 mm to 1 cm. The Haystack radar generally measures from 5 mm to several meters. The HAX radar generally measures from 2 cm to several meters. These overlapping size regions allow a continuous measurement of cumulative debris flux versus diameter from 2 mm to several meters for a given altitude window. This is demonstrated for all three radars by comparing the debris flux versus diameter over 200 km altitude windows for 3 nonconsecutive years from 1998 to 2003. These years correspond to periods before, during, and after the peak of the last solar cycle. Comparing the year to year flux from Haystack for each of these altitude regions indicate statistically significant changes in subsets of the debris populations. Potential causes of these changes are discussed. These analysis results include error bars that represent statistical sampling errors.     

Solar spectral irradiance variability in the ultraviolet from SORCE and UARS SOLSTICE

The SOLar-STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) on the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) has been measuring the solar spectral irradiance on a daily basis since early 2003. This time period includes near-solar maximum conditions, the Halloween storms of 2003, and solar minimum conditions. These results can be compared to observations from the SOLSTICE I experiment that flew on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) during the decline of the previous solar cycle as well as with currently operating missions. We will discuss similarities and differences between the two solar cycles in the long-term ultraviolet irradiance record.     

民用航空器蒸发循环制冷系统及其维护

凭借其独特的优势,蒸发循环制冷系统在民用航空器上的应用越来越广泛.但该系统容易出现泄漏,在可靠性方面存在不足,维护也较为复杂.本文在对该系统各部件特点深入了解的基础上,对各个工作环节提出有针对性的维护建议,可以切实提高系统的维护质量,增加其运行可靠性.     

液氧煤油发动机地面试车故障监控系统研制

为了降低试车中发动机故障对产品和试车台造成的危害,提高安全性,设计了液氧煤油高压补燃发动机地面试车故障监控系统。主要介绍了系统总体实施方案、检测算法及验证情况。多次实际热试车考核和对大量热试车数据的验证表明,该系统未出现一次误报警,能够比指挥员提前检测到故障,系统简单可靠,易于实现,经济性好,对实现地面试车、箭载发动机故障检测和报警具有工程应用价值。     

Synoptic magnetic field in cycle 23 and in the beginning of the cycle 24

The SOHO/MDI data provide the uniform time series of the synoptic magnetic maps which cover the period of the cycle 23 and the beginning of the cycle 24. It is very interesting period because of the long and deep solar minimum between the cycles 23 and 24. Synoptic structure of the solar magnetic field shows variability during solar cycles. It is known that the magnetic activity contributes to the solar irradiance. The axisymmetrical distribution of the magnetic flux (Fig. 3c) is closely associated with the ‘butterfly’ diagram in the EUV emission (Benevolenskaya et al., 2001). And, also, the magnetic field (B_∥) shows the non-uniform distributions of the solar activity with longitude, so-called ‘active zones’, and ‘coronal holes’ in the mid-latitude. Polar coronal holes are forming after the solar maxima and they persist during the solar minima. SOHO/EIT data in the emission of Fe XII (195 Å) could be a proxy for the coronal holes tracking. The active longitudinal zones or active longitude exist due to the reappearance of the activity and it is clearly seen in the synoptic structure of the solar cycle. On the descending branch of the solar cycle 23 active zones are less pronounced comparing with previous cycles 20, 21 and 22. Moreover, the weak polar magnetic field precedes the long and deep solar minimum. In this paper we have discussed the development of solar cycles 23 and 24 in details.     

我国大推力补燃氢氧发动机研究进展

氢氧火箭发动机因具有很高的性能,在国内外运载火箭中得到了广泛应用。为了更好地开展深空探测,必须研制大推力氢氧火箭发动机。本文综合分析了国内外氢氧发动机的发展历史和现状,简要介绍了我国220 t补燃循环氢氧发动机方案和关键技术研制进展,该技术方案先进。通过开展试验件冷态试验和缩尺组件热试验等,研究了核心部组件的关键技术和方案选型。开展全尺寸预燃室热试验等分系统热试验,研究组件级技术,初步突破了部分关键技术。建议加快开展大推力氢氧发动机工程研制,促进我国航天推进技术发展。