Charging of dust grains by anisotropic solar wind multi-component plasma

In this paper we study the charging process of small grain particles by anisotropic multi-component solar wind plasmas (electrons, protons and heavy ions), versus two-component (electron/proton) plasmas. We are focusing attention on the important characteristics of the charging process, namely the charging time, floating potential and current content as functions of plasma parameters such as He⁺⁺/H⁺ (α/p) number density and T_α/T_p temperature ratios of alpha particles to protons, as well as plasma streaming velocity v₀. Measured statistical properties of solar wind plasma parameters at 1 AU show considerable variations in α/p-temperature ratios from 1 to 10, in α/p-number density ratio from 0.01 to 0.35, as well as in values of streaming velocity v₀ from 200 km/s to 1000 km/s and more. Periods of these variations could last for several days each, leading to significant variability in the charging process, according to newly derived general analytical expressions. Numerical calculations performed for protons/alphas plasmas showed large disparity in the charging characteristics. For example, in anisotropic plasma, grain charging time varies up to 90% depending on α/p-particles temperature and number density ratios, whereas changes in floating potential are up to 40%. In contrast, in isotropic plasma, charging characteristic for grains do not change very much for the same plasma parameters variations, with charging time varying about 12% and floating potential only varying about 4%. It is also shown that in highly anisotropic plasma, with all ballistic electrons and ions, dust grains could not hold their charges, and characteristic discharged time is calculated. We note that the analysis is equally applicable to any sized body immersed in solar wind plasma.     

Kinetic theory of sheath formation in solar wind plasma

We present a general self-consistent kinetic theory for plasma sheath formation in solar wind plasma. The theory could be applied to anisotropic, as well as to isotropic collisionless plasma without resorting to any simplifications, limitations, or assumptions, such as the necessary existence of a ‘pre-sheath’ region of ions acceleration to ensure the Bohm criterion. The kinetic framework is first applied to sheath formation around an arbitrary oriented planar absorbing surface, charged by solar wind anisotropic plasma, under the condition of negligible photoelectric effect. We then make use of our kinetic approach for the plane geometry in isotropic collisionless plasma, as a particular case of a planar electrode orientation parallel to plasma streaming velocity, also analyzing the sheath structure around spherical and cylindrical absorbing electrodes submerged in isotropic collisionless plasma. Obtained results demonstrate principal differences in spatial charge distributions in sheath regions between spherical or cylindrical electrodes of large size and an unbound planar surface submerged in isotropic plasma. In the case of a planar electrode, we directly compare results obtained in our kinetic and hydrodynamic theories and conventional hydrodynamic theory of plasma sheath formation. The outcome from the present study have direct implications to the analysis of plasma sheath structure and associated distribution in space of charged dust grains, which is relevant to the moon exploration near the optical terminator region or in shadowed craters in the moon.     

基于SOC的卫星姿轨控系统通用电模拟器设计

在某型卫星地面电联试过程中,对该卫星的姿态轨道控制系统进行接口分析及信号统计,针对其接口复杂性、信号多样性的特点,提出采用片上系统(Systemona Chip,SOC)芯片对所有部件模拟器进行通用化设计。文中给出了该型卫星通用型电模拟器硬件平台设计方案以及陀螺、反作用轮和通用接口模块的硬件配置说明,针对该型卫星姿态轨道控制系统电联试要求,对所有部件按真实接口配置成电模拟器,形成通用接口箱、敏感器电模拟器箱和执行机构电模拟器箱,并通过CAN(Controller Area Network)总线接入闭环仿真,对太阳捕获、地球捕获及正常模式进行了仿真测试,仿真结果表明通用电模拟器满足设计要求,对其他卫星的地面电联试有很好的参考价值。     

星敏感器空间辐射效应研究

星敏感器作为一类高灵敏度光电集成部件,易受空间辐射的影响造成性能退化和工作 异常。分析星敏感器的辐射效应机理并制定相应的防护对策,既是当前可靠性增长的基础, 也是今后高性能星敏感器发展的必然要求,而国内尚缺少对这一问题的详细论述。阐述了空 间辐射环境和星敏感器的组成以及工作原理,综述分析了空间辐射效应机理和对星敏感器产 生的影响,并介绍了国外在相应防护对策上的经验,更进一步对影响星敏感器较为严重的瞬 态效应做了较为深入的探讨。
     

一种雷达模拟器天线系统设计

该系统采用角锥喇叭天线组成比幅测角系统,介绍了一种用于雷达模拟器的天线系统设计,解决了方位波束宽度大和天线增益高之间的矛盾,具有结构简单、易于实现、天线增益和测角精度高等特点。经测角误差分析和电磁仿真,证明天线系统的增益系数、测角范围和测角精度等主要技术指标满足雷达模拟器设计要求,具有推广应用价值。     

飞机电磁环境效应的特性及控制

从飞机设计中电磁环境效应基础专业的技术领域和专业构成的演变出发,本文系统地介绍了电磁环境效应的特性以及与飞机使用和安全的关系,重点论述了飞机研制中来自电磁环境效应的威胁及其控制措施。     

无人机路径规划中的环境和威胁模型研究

为了提高无人机执行任务时的突防能力,在进行飞行路径规划时必须对战场环境中的威胁环境进行评估,而威胁环境中的威胁估计与飞机被雷达或类似的传感器探测出的风险度有关,需要考虑的信息包括无人机传感器范围内的威胁位置和强度.路径规划算法依赖于路径规划空间的建模方式,包括环境建模和威胁源建模.目前针对规划空间环境和威胁模型的建模方法缺乏系统分类和论述.分析了战场环境的建模方法,研究了规划空间的离散建模方式,根据无人机飞行过程中可能遭遇的威胁类型进行威胁源类型的划分,并针对三种威胁类型分别建立威胁风险模型,为无人机在复杂环境下的路径规划实现做了参数准备.     

某型直升机机务训练模拟器的设计与实现

针对某型直升机座舱维修训练需求,设计了机务训练模拟器的几项主要功能,并从硬件和软件实现方面加以论证。     

高动态环境下惯组辅助GNSS接收机卫星导航信号的捕获

针对高动态环境下多普勒频移超出了接收机的搜索范围接收机无法捕获卫星导航信号这一问题,提出了利用INS辅助GNSS接收机卫星导航信号捕获的方法.该方法利用INS提供的载体位置、速度信息,并结合通过卫星星历(或历书)得到的卫星位置、速度估算载波多普勒频移,利用估算的载波多普勒频移重新设定GNSS接收机载波搜索中心频率,使G...     

泛在图书馆与高校图书馆员

泛在图书馆是图书馆新的发展方向,泛在知识环境的到来,将使图书馆社会地位和整体功能发生巨变。通过对泛在图书馆及高校图书馆员未来的展望,强调图书馆馆员职业需要危机意识、责任意识和创新意识。阐述泛在图书馆、泛在知识服务对图书馆员知识结构与专业能力的要求,提出要提高图书馆员综合素质,以适应未来社会的挑战。