英语习得与人为目的语环境的创造

"语言习得"与"语言学习"是外语教学理论研究中的两个重要概念,克拉申认为只有"习得"来的语言才能成为流利的口头表达,而"学习"只能起"监查"作用。在"学习"的条件下,通过营造人为目的语习得环境,以用为本,立足实践,学习者同样可以达到习得外语的目标。     

航电系统作战飞行程序仿真运行环境研究

本文对作战飞行程序(OFP)软件运行的软硬件环境及动态模拟综合(DSI)试验环境进行了介绍.通过对飞机、1553B总线系统、显控处理机和相关终端设备建立仿真模型,用纯软件实现了全部硬件环境功能的模拟.文章对该仿真软件架构及关键模块的设计进行了详细说明.该仿真软件实现了作战飞行程序在普通办公环境下的动态可视化开发.该仿真...     

Very large space structures: Non-linear control and robustness to structural uncertainties

Very Large Space Structures (VLSS) are challenging systems to be controlled, due to their high flexibility. In particular, rapid attitude maneuvers can determine great oscillations on the flexible elements of a spacecraft (solar wings, antennas, booms). On account of this, in the last decades many researchers have developed different strategies to effectively damp the elastic vibrations by means of active vibration devices (such as piezo-electric patches) or by means of robust control algorithms. The approach suggested in this paper is different, since neither additional devices nor complex control laws are introduced. In fact, the complete model of the system (including rigid, elastic and orbital dynamics, coupled with control actions) is controlled by the non-linear attitude controller named state dependent Riccati equation, which will be based on a simplified version of the spacecraft model. The task to reduce the mutual interaction between rigid attitude and flexible dynamics is entirely transferred to a modification of the desired trajectory that must be tracked. This command shaping technique is based on the knowledge of the parameters (inertial and elastics) of the VLSS. Unfortunately these parameters are not always exactly known and, however, they may change over the time. On account of this a Monte Carlo analysis has been also performed, showing the robustness of the proposed control strategy to the structural uncertainties. The numerical simulations prove that this strategy, based on the joint application of two well-known yet simple techniques, produces accurate and robust results.     

Development of Landmark Knowledge at Decision Points

Two experiments investigated how people develop different landmark knowledge at decision points. Participants learned a route in a virtual city once or five times. One distinctive landmark was placed at each intersection of the route. At test, participants were released at each intersection according to the learning order and were required to determine the turning direction. At each intersection, the landmark was removed (no landmark), correctly placed (one landmark), duplicated on the other side (two identical landmarks), or misplaced from another intersection (two different landmarks) to disrupt the landmark sequence. The results suggested that humans develop different landmark knowledge (landmark knowledge for guidance, landmark knowledge for place recognition and knowledge of landmark sequence) with different navigation experience.     

Is Memory for Routes Enhanced by an Environment's Richness in Visual Landmarks?

We tested the hypothesis that a route's memorability is dependent on the frequency with which people are exposed to visual landmarks. Undergraduates learned either a route through an urban area lacking visually salient features, or a route in a neighborhood with many shops and urban objects. They were then asked to recall the learned route in the form of route directions and sketch maps. The results showed higher recall performance for the richer environment. When presented with photographs depicting scenes along the route, participants exposed to the richer environment had higher recognition scores and shorter response times than the others. The data confirm the functional role of landmarks in route memory and wayfinding.     

导弹武器战场电磁环境构建及半实物仿真技术

简要分析了导弹武器面临的战场电磁环境特征,提出了一种通过数字+半实物相结合的仿真手段,在内场构建逼真的导弹武器战场动态电磁环境的基本方法。以导弹武器抗干扰性能半实物仿真试验为例,探讨了基于此电磁环境构建方法的半实物仿真系统组成及仿真试验流程。     

公共治理视域下的廊坊城市软环境建设上水平研究

近年来,廊坊市城市公共治理取得了一定的成效,主要呈现以下特征：一是治理主体逐步多元化;二是部门联动逐步完善化;三是城市管理日渐开放化。面对新的形势实现城市发展由传统治理向公共治理转变必须重塑政府,增强政府治理能力;实现政府理念再造;重新定位政府角色;增强政府回应性;激发城市主体参与意识。     

模拟月壤真空试验装置设计及实现方法

我国探月三期需在月面真空环境下钻采2 m深的月壤样品,为测试采样器在真空热环境下的性能,需首先在地面模拟一个接近月表的真空热环境.本文设计了一套模拟月壤真空试验装置,研究了模拟月壤真空实现方法.通过使用机械泵对模拟月壤进行抽真空,分析了抽速、样品量、含水量、密实度和温度等因素对模拟月壤真空度的影响情况.此外,分别分析了从容器顶部、底部抽气对模拟月壤抽真空效果的影响,提出了保证样品密实度的可行抽气方法.该试验研究对构建月面真空环境模拟器具备一定的参考价值.      

基于小波变换的卫星阻力系数分析

以不同弧长解算天宫一号空间实验室连续55天（d） GPS轨道数据得到卫星阻力系数Cd 序列,并对同期的太阳辐射通量 f 10.7 和地磁活动指数 ap,Ap序列高、低频多层小波分解。空间环境参量和Cd 序列各层信号滑动相关性的统计分析结果表明小波分解的阻力系数序列与对应的 f 10.7 ,Ap 序列整体具有很好的滞后相关性,验证了通过 f 10.7 ,Ap 预报 Cd 的可行性。对不同回归模型和回归分析样本序列长度n分析Cd预报值残差表明：采用f 10.7 一元回归模型,并取n20 d时, Cd 预报结果最优。另外,NRLMSIS-00模型在350km高度的中低纬度区域,地磁活动上升相响应过度,而下降相则响应不足;太阳辐射通量上升相响应适度,下降相响应过度。最后对应用前景进行总结,该方法对提高航天器轨道预报精度具有重要参考价值。     

先进舰载战斗机腐蚀防护控制与日历寿命设计

舰载战斗机是航母编队战斗力的重要组成部分,但由于其复杂恶劣的服役环境,舰载机腐蚀防护控制与日历寿命设计问题已经成为限制海军航空兵战斗力保持与提升的关键难题。腐蚀防护与控制应贯穿舰载机全寿命周期,本文以此为总体思路,首先系统梳理了舰载机在综合设计、材料与涂料选择、制造与使用过程中腐蚀防护与控制的诸多要点与细节。然后针对舰载机日历寿命设计问题,在详述环境谱、加速谱编制原则、编制方法及基本构成的基础上,基于案例阐明腐蚀仿真技术是舰载机日历寿命设计的可靠高效手段,可为相关问题的后续研究提供创新思路。最后指出腐蚀监测是舰载机腐蚀防护控制过程中亟待解决的难题。