网络环境下实现敏捷制造的委托代理

敏捷制造中的委托代理是通过计算机网络为各类企业的合作、交流、资料查询等提供服务 ,它是网络环境下实施敏捷制造的有效措施。文章着重研究了委托代理系统的功能 ,并分析了我国制造企业实现敏捷制造以及委托代理的可行性。     

企业人力资产贡献及其利用效果评价研究

企业人力资产管理是人力资产贡献和利用效果管理.针对企业人力资产管理的实际需要,文章提出了企业人力资产贡献增加值的测算方法和企业人力资产利用效果评价方法,并概括了衡量企业人力资产规模和构成的合理程度的标准.     

基于经济学的企业组织设计

对企业组织的产生、边界的确定、经营者的选择和结构的设计进行经济学分析,找出提高组织效率的方法,对当前中国企业组织有借鉴意义。     

企业社会责任与企业竞争力

企业社会责任包括经济责任、法律责任、伦理责任和慈善责任四个方面，其社会事务内容包括员工利益、社会公益、商业伦理、环境保护，等等。从资源基础论的视角，企业从承担社会责任中获得了资源，如企业与员工和顾客的关系，企业在投资者与社区中的声誉和企业对风险管理的能力等，这些资源能为企业带来竞争优势，吸引与保留高质量的员工、吸引与保留现实与潜在的顾客，等等。国有企业为了提高其竞争力，需要多方入手，增强社会责任。     

国有企业公司治理结构存在的问题及对策

建立现代企业制度是国有企业改革的目标 ,而健全公司治理结构是建立现代企业制度的关键。分析了当前国有企业公司治理结构中存在的问题并提出了改进对策。     

商用航空发动机智能制造研究与探索

为了推进航空发动机智能制造,通过分析其本质和特点,研究国外航空发动机智能制造的实践与发展趋势,及中国商用航空发动机行业智能制造的现状与内、外部挑战。认为推进商用航空发动机智能制造的关键是构建产品、生产和业务 3 个维度高度集成的智能制造生态系统。针对商用航空发动机行业特点和技术、管理现状,提出构建基于模型的企业、实施基于模型的系统工程、推进大数据应用、建立智能制造标准体系,以及开展试点、示范项目建设等是推进商用航空发动机智能制造的重点。     

民用飞机科研项目后评价方法研究

科研项目后评价有助于提高科研经费使用效益、优化科研资源配置,可作为后续相关科研项目立项的参考依据。本文通过对科研项目评价方法及理论的梳理,构建民用飞机领域科研项目后评价方法体系,并以航空企业技术类科研项目为例,提出了具体实施方法,为航空企业提高科研管理水平提供了理论基础。     

企业门户中基于令牌的角色访问控制模型

企业门户中用户和访问权限管理的研究是一项复杂且具挑战性的工作.传统的基于角色的访问控制模型(RBAC,Role-Based Access Control)在实现上通常受单一系统和应用的约束,因此提出了一种基于令牌的角色访问控制模型(TRBAC,Token Role-Based Access Control)．该模型采用门户平台下的单点登录(SSO,Single Sign On)技术,将RBAC模型与令牌访问机制相结合,使角色能跨越门户平台下所有的Web应用．该模型是一个动态激活的模型,根据用户实际的访问需求动态激活相应角色,为用户管理和访问控制管理提供了一个新的解决方案．TRBAC模型具有统一的用户安全管理标准,支持集中审核和控制．实践表明,采用TRBAC 模型提高了系统的访问效率,保证了系统的安全性．      

Clusters of Galaxies: Setting the Stage

Clusters of galaxies are self-gravitating systems of mass ∼10¹⁴–10¹⁵ h ⁻¹ M_⊙ and size ∼1–3h ⁻¹ Mpc. Their mass budget consists of dark matter (∼80%, on average), hot diffuse intracluster plasma (≲20%) and a small fraction of stars, dust, and cold gas, mostly locked in galaxies. In most clusters, scaling relations between their properties, like mass, galaxy velocity dispersion, X-ray luminosity and temperature, testify that the cluster components are in approximate dynamical equilibrium within the cluster gravitational potential well. However, spatially inhomogeneous thermal and non-thermal emission of the intracluster medium (ICM), observed in some clusters in the X-ray and radio bands, and the kinematic and morphological segregation of galaxies are a signature of non-gravitational processes, ongoing cluster merging and interactions. Both the fraction of clusters with these features, and the correlation between the dynamical and morphological properties of irregular clusters and the surrounding large-scale structure increase with redshift. In the current bottom-up scenario for the formation of cosmic structure, where tiny fluctuations of the otherwise homogeneous primordial density field are amplified by gravity, clusters are the most massive nodes of the filamentary large-scale structure of the cosmic web and form by anisotropic and episodic accretion of mass, in agreement with most of the observational evidence. In this model of the universe dominated by cold dark matter, at the present time most baryons are expected to be in a diffuse component rather than in stars and galaxies; moreover, ∼50% of this diffuse component has temperature ∼0.01–1 keV and permeates the filamentary distribution of the dark matter. The temperature of this Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM) increases with the local density and its search in the outer regions of clusters and lower density regions has been the quest of much recent observational effort. Over the last thirty years, an impressive coherent picture of the formation and evolution of cosmic structures has emerged from the intense interplay between observations, theory and numerical experiments. Future efforts will continue to test whether this picture keeps being valid, needs corrections or suffers dramatic failures in its predictive power.     

Cosmological Shock Waves

Large-scale structure formation, accretion and merging processes, AGN activity produce cosmological gas shocks. The shocks convert a fraction of the energy of gravitationally accelerated flows to internal energy of the gas. Being the main gas-heating agent, cosmological shocks could amplify magnetic fields and accelerate energetic particles via the multi-fluid plasma relaxation processes. We first discuss the basic properties of standard single-fluid shocks. Cosmological plasma shocks are expected to be collisionless. We then review the plasma processes responsible for the microscopic structure of collisionless shocks. A tiny fraction of the particles crossing the shock is injected into the non-thermal energetic component that could get a substantial part of the ram pressure power dissipated at the shock. The energetic particles penetrate deep into the shock upstream producing an extended shock precursor. Scaling relations for postshock ion temperature and entropy as functions of shock velocity in strong collisionless multi-fluid shocks are discussed. We show that the multi-fluid nature of collisionless shocks results in excessive gas compression, energetic particle acceleration, precursor gas heating, magnetic field amplification and non-thermal emission. Multi-fluid shocks provide a reduced gas entropy production and could also modify the observable thermodynamic scaling relations for clusters of galaxies.