基于高斯过程的航天器自适应滑模姿态控制

针对存在模型不确定性和外界干扰的刚性航天器,提出了一种基于高斯过程回归(GPR)的新型自适应滑模姿态控制算法。该算法具有自学习能力,在不同的姿态控制任务下都能够实现高精度、强鲁棒和高效率的姿态跟踪。首先,在航天器的四元数标称系统动态模型基础上,应用在线稀疏高斯过程回归(SOGP)方法学习系统的未知动态;其次,结合高斯过程的预测均值设计滑模控制算法,利用高斯过程的预测方差自适应调节控制增益,并应用李雅普诺夫方法严格证明闭环系统的稳定性,保证了航天器姿态跟踪误差的渐进收敛性;最后,通过数值仿真验证了所设计控制器的有效性。结果表明,该自学习控制算法与自适应滑模控制(ASMC)与神经网络自适应控制等算法相比,具有更快的收敛速度、更高的跟踪精度以及更低的控制成本。     

多变量气动设计问题分层协同优化

 通过验证实例分析,气动设计中精细化优化模型对设计结果收敛精度的提高有很大帮助,但同时也带来优化算法搜索困难的问题,并且由于不同类型设计变量之间的相互耦合干扰使优化难以收敛到全局最优解。于是提出基于响应均值灵敏度的概念对大规模的设计变量进行重要性分组的策略,依据设计变量分组情况应用系统分解思想对多变量设计问题进行分层协同优化来降低系统的复杂度,这既保证了精细化设计的要求,又缓解了优化算法对大规模问题搜索困难的问题。与传统气动优化方法相比,基于系统分解的分层协同优化算例有较大寻优效率和性能提升,证明了该方法的可行性。     

基于遗传算法的凸多边形区域航迹规划

提出了基于遗传算法的凸多边形区域航迹规划方法,针对飞行器转弯角和边界限制的航迹约束条件,改进了航迹编码方式,采用了基于方向编码的回溯方法生成航迹;同时改进了遗传算法的交叉算子和变异算子。仿真结果表明,该方法能快速有效地完成飞行器航迹规划任务,获得符合适应度要求的优化航迹。     

Novel passive localization algorithm based on double side matrix-restricted total least squares

In order to solve the bearings-only passive localization problem in the presence of erroneous observer position, a novel algorithm based on double side matrix-restricted total least squares (DSMRTLS) is proposed. First, the aforementioned passive localization problem is transferred to the DSMRTLS problem by deriving a multiplicative structure for both the observation matrix and the observation vector. Second, the corresponding optimization problem of the DSMRTLS problem without constraint is derived, which can be approximated as the generalized Rayleigh quotient minimization problem. Then, the localization solution which is globally optimal and asymptotically unbiased can be got by generalized eigenvalue decomposition. Simulation results verify the rationality of the approximation and the good performance of the proposed algorithm compared with several typical algorithms.     

“订单式”人才培养模式探究

订单式教学模式是高职教育发展的需要,是高职教育教学模式改革的方向。介绍两种订单式教学模式的形式,探讨了订单式教学模式运行中存在的主要问题及解决办法,以期对订单式人才培养的全方位开展发挥一定的参考作用。     

Monitoring of rice cropping intensity in the upper Mekong Delta,Vietnam using time-series MODIS data

Information on rice growing areas is important for policymakers to devise agricultural plans. This research explores the monitoring of rice cropping intensity in the upper Mekong Delta, Vietnam (from 2001 to 2007) using time-series MODIS NDVI 250-m data. Data processing includes three steps: (1) noise is filtered from the time-series NDVI data using empirical mode decomposition (EMD); (2) endmembers are extracted from the filtered time-series data and trained in a linear mixture model (LMM) for classification of rice cropping systems; and (3) classification results are verified by comparing them with the ground-truth and statistical data. The results indicate that EMD is a good filter for noise removal from the time-series data. The classification results confirm the validity of LMM, giving an overall accuracy of 90.1% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.7. The lowest producer and user accuracies were associated with single crop rain-fed rice class due to the mixed pixel problems. A strong yearly correlation at the district level was revealed in the MODIS-derived areas (R² ? 0.9). Investigation of interannual changes in rice cropping intensity from 2001 to 2007 showed a remarkable conversion from double to triple crop irrigated rice from 2001 to 2003, especially in the Thoai Son and Phu Tan districts. A big conversion from triple crop rice back to double crop rice cultivation was also observed in Phu Tan from 2005 to 2006. These changes were verified by visual interpretation of Landsat images and examination of NDVI profiles.     

Detached-eddy simulation of supersonic flow past a spike-tipped blunt nose

Space vehicle in atmosphere travels mostly at supersonic speed and generates a very strong bow shockwave around its blunt nose. Oblique shock and conical separated flow zone generated by a forward disk-tip spike significantly reduce the drag by reducing the high pressure area on the blunt nose. This study employs improved delayed detached eddy simulation to investigate the characteristic flow structures around a spike-tipped blunt nose at Mach number of 3 and Reynolds number(based on the blunt-body diameter) of 2.72x10~8. The calculated time-averaged quantities agree well with experimental data. Characteristic frequencies in different flow regions are extracted using fast Fourier transform. It is found that two distinct instability modes exist: oscillation mode and pulsation mode. The former is related to the foreshock/turbulence interaction with nondimensional frequency at around 0.004. The latter corresponds to the interaction between turbulence and shock structures around the blunt nose, with a typical coherent structure shedding frequency at 0.092.     

谐振式陀螺全角模式误差来源与接口技术

全角模式是谐振式陀螺的新型接口技术，具有直接测量角度、动态范围大的优点，但其对陀螺元器件对称性要求极高的缺点限制了它的实际应用。首先，从谐振式陀螺全角模式的原理出发，讨论了各种不理想因素对全角模式运行造成的问题。然后，从器件设计和控制系统两方面出发，讨论了可行的技术路线。最后，通过数值仿真的方法证明了理论分析的正确性，并给出了谐振式陀螺的选型和控制系统的建议。     

多旋翼飞行器的可控度分析

基于George Klein等提出的可控度近似计算方法,对多旋翼的可控度数值进行求解以用于判断飞行器系统控制的难易程度。首先观察了分析变距四旋翼在一个舵机损坏和一个电机停转2种故障状态以及正常飞行状态的可控度变化。随后分别对变距和定桨距的四、六、八旋翼进行可控度比对分析,研究发现系统可控性的程度与旋翼的数量呈正相关。最后将可控度的概念运用于2种油电混合六旋翼飞行器,与常规电动定桨距六旋翼作对照,研究表明采用合适的构型能显著提高可控度。