交叉式多股流板翅式换热器数值研究

借鉴顺逆式板翅式换热器研究成果,分析了交叉式多股流板翅式换热器传热机理,建立了基于有限容积法的多股流板翅式换热器传热数学模型,经过合理假设将翅片间距与单元格尺寸独立,拓展了前人数学模型适用范围.同时,以机载交叉式3股流板翅式换热器为例,对单元格尺寸选取进行了探讨,对同一通道单元格内流体流动横向传热进行了分析,证明了忽略流动横向传热的可行性,从而在保证精度不变条件下提高了计算效率;并在流体变入口参数条件下进行试验,对数值计算方法进行验证,通过与试验数据对比,理论计算误差小于7.9%,证明了数值计算方法的合理性.      

新型桨尖抑制旋翼跨声速特性的影响分析

为研究不同形式的新型桨尖在抑制旋翼跨声速特性方面的作用,开展了多种桨尖对旋翼局部流动及气动特性影响的数值分析研究.发展了基于高效嵌套网格方法的旋翼流场高精度CFD求解方法.在此基础上,详细分析了桨尖外形对旋翼桨叶跨声速区域激波强度、激波诱导气流分离、桨尖涡尾迹及气动性能的影响.数值结果表明:桨尖的后掠和上反在缓解旋翼跨声速特性方面的作用相对较小;桨尖前掠和下反能更有效地减少桨尖外端跨声速区域,降低该位置激波强度并缓解激波-附面层干扰诱导的气流分离;后掠桨尖在减小旋翼反扭矩方面的整体效果良好,直线前掠桨尖在大桨盘拉力状态能够更有效降低旋翼扭矩(直线前掠30°时,扭矩降低达12.3%),桨尖下反可以有效抑制桨尖涡强度(抛物下反30°时,桨尖涡强度降低50%),并加快桨尖涡尾迹的耗散.      

一种基于通信事件的机载分布式软件调试方法

多应用分区的开发与综合是IMA系统开发的核心工作之一，而如何控制和调试基于分区间通信的分布式协作行为是关键所在。引入”通信事件”对分区间通信活动进行抽象，提出通信事件调试方法，对分区间通信的源分区和目的分区进行同步控制和对通信活动进行协同调试。进而提出一种将通信事件调试和代码调试有机结合的混合调试方法，论述了方法的调试过程以及在实践中表现出来的优点与不足。     

Effects of lunar and mars dust simulants on HaCaT keratinocytes and CHO-K1 fibroblasts

Exposure to lunar dust during Apollo missions resulted in occasional reports of ocular, respiratory and dermal irritations which showed that lunar dust has a risk potential for human health. This is caused by its high reactivity as well as its small size, leading to a wide distribution also inside habitats. Hence, detailed information regarding effects of extraterrestrial lunar dusts on human health is required to best support future missions to moon, mars or other destinations. In this study, we used several methods to assess the specific effects of extraterrestrial dusts onto mammalian skin by exposing HaCaT keratinocytes and CHO-K1 fibroblasts to dusts simulating lunar or mars soils. These particular cell types were chosen because the skin protects the human body from potentially harmful substances and because a well orchestrated program ensures proper wound healing. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to the dusts for different durations of time and their effects on morphology and viability of the cells were determined. Cytotoxicity was measured using the MTT assay and by monitoring culture impedance, while phalloidin staining of the actin cytoskeleton was performed to address structural integrity of the cells which was also investigated by propidium iodide intake. It was found that the effects of the two types of dust simulants on the different features of both cell lines varied to a considerable extent. Moreover, proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes, as analyzed by Ki67 labeling, was suppressed in sub-confluent cultures exposed to lunar dust simulant. Furthermore, experimental evidence is provided for a delay in regeneration of keratinocyte monolayers from scratch-wounding when exposed to lunar dust simulant. The obtained results will facilitate further investigations of dust exposure during wound healing and will ease risk assessment studies e.g., for lunar lander approaches. The investigations will help to determine safety measures to be taken during extraterrestrial expeditions in order to minimize risks to human health associated with exposure of human skin to dust contaminants.     

Electrostatic particle collection in vacuum

Lunar grains accumulate charges due to solar-based ionizing radiations, and the repelling action of like-charged particles causes the levitation of lunar dust. The lunar dust deposit on sensitive and costly surfaces of investigative equipment is a serious concern in lunar explorations. Inspired by electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), the Electrostatic Lunar Dust Collector (ELDC) was proposed for collecting already charged lunar dust particles to prevent the lunar dust threat. As the conditions for terrestrial counterparts are not valid in the lunar environment, equations developed for terrestrial devices yield incorrect predictions in lunar application. Hence, a mathematical model was developed for the ELDC operating in vacuum to determine its collection efficiency. The ratios of electrical energy over potential energy, kinetic energy over potential energy and the ratio of ELDC dimensions were identified to be the key dimensionless parameters. Sensitivity analyses of the relevant parameters showed that depending on ELDC orientation, smaller particles would be collected more easily at vertical orientation, whereas larger particles were easier to collect in a horizontal ELDC configuration. In the worst case scenario, the electrostatic field needed to be 10 times stronger in the vertical mode in order to adequately collect larger particles. The collection efficiency was very sensitive to surface potential of lunar dust and it reached the maximum when surface potential was between 30 and 120 V.     

固体火箭发动机特性对空射滑翔式弹道飞行器性能影响分析

为研究空射滑翔式弹道飞行器固体火箭发动机特性对飞行器综合性能的影响,构建了基于序列二次优化法(SQP)的弹道优化模型,设计了多套不同推力形式、不同特性参数的固体火箭发动机方案。通过开展空射滑翔式弹道飞行器弹道仿真分析,获取了不同动力特性下的最优爬升攻角变化规律,对比分析了相关弹道特征指标。结果 表明:采用长时间-小推力...     

飞机选型问题数学模型的建立

首先分析了航空运营者针对飞机选型问题工作的基本流程和要求;然后根据每一个步骤的工作内容给出计算方法,并建立飞机选型的数学模型及给出求解方法;最后对于求解所得的机型进行评估,为航空运营者在进行机队规划时,合理选择飞机型号提供了一种分析工具.     

充填俄制网状聚氨酯泡沫燃油箱的燃油冲刷静电实验研究

俄制战斗机燃油箱中广泛充填开孔弹性聚氨酯泡沫，在飞机加油过程中泡沫与燃油冲击摩擦会产生静电并可能发生静电荷的积聚，使燃油带上高电压值静电，因此有可能发生静电火花放电，威胁飞机安全。为此参照美军标MIL—F-87260中的静电燃油冲刷实验，对俄制网状聚氨酯泡沫材料的静电特性进行了初步探讨，并提出了相关意见。     

钟罩式气体流量标准装置的不确定度评定

通过对钟罩式气体流量标准装置的不确定度分析，确定了该标准装置的合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度，为气体流量计的检定提供了依据。     

基于PROMETHEE Ⅱ和熵值法的城市新型工业化评价

在分析新型工业化水平评价重要性的基础上，建立其评价指标体系，提出评价模型和计算方法。通过运用基于“级别高于关系”的PROMETHEEⅡ方法，对上海、北京、天津、重庆四个直辖市进行新型工业化水平评价，为了克服采用主观赋权法带来的局限性，文章借助于熵值法，较为客观地表示出指标的重要性，最终得到了四个城市排序，同时还就各个城市的优、劣势进行比较。