扰动因子与结构信息在飞机选型中的应用

本文提出在飞机选型中利用结构信息,使合成排序更符合客观实际。文中还提出利用扰动因子改善判断矩阵一致性的方法,克服了调整判断矩阵时的盲目性。为满足飞机选型需要,编制了相应的软件。实践证明,扰动因子与结构信息的运用,对于解决层次分析法在飞机选型中应用的某些实际问题、为航空公司飞机选型提供可靠的科学依据是有益的。     

非接触式静电电压测量仪校准方法研究

根据非接触式静电电压测量仪的工作原理,建立了一套非接触式静电电压测量仪校准系统.重点介绍了校准系统的组成和工作过程,以及决定校准系统测量准确度关键因素的标准平板电极的设计原则,并通过实验数据分析了标准平板电极的直径和边缘效应对测量结果的影响.最后以常用的非接触式静电电压测量仪EST101为例,根据校准装置测量不确定度主...     

某型飞机俯仰方位控制系统设计与仿真

为提高大迎角飞行状态下的战斗机等作战飞机控制系统的稳态精度,改善其控制系统的动态性能,对某型飞机俯仰方位控制系统结构进行改进设计。通过引入积分环节,将其俯仰方位控制系统由0型系统变为I型系统,提高了控制精度及抗干扰能力。通过合理配置俯仰方位控制系统控制规律传动比,对其动态性能也进行了有效改进。仿真结果显示：所设计的飞机俯仰方位控制系统结构合理,控制规律传动比配置恰当,对大迎角飞行状态下的飞机,其控制系统稳定性得到提高,其动、静态性能得到改善。     

Dust Environment Modelling of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Dust is an important constituent of cometary emission; its analysis is one of the major objectives of ESA’s Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (C–G). Several instruments aboard Rosetta are dedicated to studying various aspects of dust in the cometary coma, all of which require a certain level of exposure to dust to achieve their goals. At the same time, impacts of dust particles can constitute a hazard to the spacecraft. To conciliate the demands of dust collection instruments and spacecraft safety, it is desirable to assess the dust environment in the coma even before the arrival of Rosetta. We describe the present status of modelling the dust coma of 67P/C–G and predict the speed and flux of dust in the coma, the dust fluence on a spacecraft along sample trajectories, and the radiation environment in the coma. The model will need to be refined when more details of the coma are revealed by observations. An overview of astronomical observations of 67P/C–G is given, because model parameters are derived from this data if possible. For quantities not yet measured for 67P/C–G, we use values obtained for other comets, e.g. concerning the optical and compositional properties of the dust grains. One of the most important and most controversial parameters is the dust mass distribution. We summarise the mass distribution functions derived from the in-situ measurements at comet 1P/Halley in 1986. For 67P/C–G, constraining the mass distribution is currently only possible by the analysis of astronomical images. We find that both the dust mass distribution and the time dependence of the dust production rate of 67P/C–G are those of a fairly typical comet.     

满足一等量块检定要求的接触式激光量块干涉仪

最新研制的接触式激光量块干涉仪主要用于测量一、二等量块的中心长度，其长度测量不确定度达到（0.02 0.2L)μm。文中介绍了其工作原理、测量不确定度分析，给出了量块测量的验证数据。     

Pickup Ions and Cosmic Rays from Dust in the Heliosphere

The combination of recent observational and theoretical work has completed the catalog of the sources of heliospheric Pickup Ions (PUIs). These PUIs are the seed population for Anomalous Cosmic Rays (ACRs), which are accelerated to high energies at or beyond the Termination Shock (TS). For elements with high First Ionization Potentials (high-FIP atoms: e.g., H, He, Ne, etc.), the dominant source of PUIs and ACRs is from neutral atoms that drift into the heliosphere from the Local Interstellar Medium (LISM) and, prior to ionization, are influenced primarily by solar gravitation and radiation pressure (for H). After ionization, these interstellar ions are pickup up by the solar wind, swept out, and are either accelerated near the TS or beyond it. Elements with low first ionization potentials (low-FIP atoms: e.g., C, Si, Mg, Fe, etc.) are also observed as PUIs by Ulysses and as ACRs by Wind and Voyager. But the low-FIP composition of this additional component reveals a very different origin. Low-FIP interstellar atoms are predominantly ionized in the LISM and therefore excluded from the heliosphere by the solar wind. Remarkably, a low-FIP component of PUIs was hypothesized by Banks (J. Geophys. Res. 76, 4341, 1971) over twenty years prior to its direct detection by Ulysses/SWICS (Geiss et al., J. Geophys. Res. 100(23), 373, 1995) The leading concept for the generation of Inner Source PUIs involves an effective recycling of solar wind on grains near the Sun, as originally suggested by Banks. Voyager and Wind also observe low-FIP ACRs, and a grain-related source appears likely and necessary. Two concepts have been proposed to explain these low-FIP ACRs: the first concept involves the acceleration of the Inner Source of PUIs, and the second involves a so-called Outer Source of PUIs generated from solar wind interaction with the large population of grains in the Kuiper Belt. We review here the observational and theoretical work over the last decade that shows how solar wind and heliospheric grains interact to produce pickup ions, and, in turn, anomalous cosmic rays. The inner and outer sources of pickup ions and anomalous cosmic rays exemplify dusty plasma interactions that are fundamental throughout the cosmos for the production of energetic particles and the formation of stellar systems.     

民航安全文化变革探析

民航安全文化变革是民航安全文化自我创新、建设发展的重要途径。其变革方式有渐进性变革与突发性变革、主动变革与被动变革之分;其变革步骤主要按照PDCA循环实施;其变革规律主要是由浅层到深层、无序到有序、量变到质变。     

交叉式多股流板翅式换热器数值研究

借鉴顺逆式板翅式换热器研究成果,分析了交叉式多股流板翅式换热器传热机理,建立了基于有限容积法的多股流板翅式换热器传热数学模型,经过合理假设将翅片间距与单元格尺寸独立,拓展了前人数学模型适用范围.同时,以机载交叉式3股流板翅式换热器为例,对单元格尺寸选取进行了探讨,对同一通道单元格内流体流动横向传热进行了分析,证明了忽略流动横向传热的可行性,从而在保证精度不变条件下提高了计算效率;并在流体变入口参数条件下进行试验,对数值计算方法进行验证,通过与试验数据对比,理论计算误差小于7.9%,证明了数值计算方法的合理性.      

新型桨尖抑制旋翼跨声速特性的影响分析

为研究不同形式的新型桨尖在抑制旋翼跨声速特性方面的作用,开展了多种桨尖对旋翼局部流动及气动特性影响的数值分析研究.发展了基于高效嵌套网格方法的旋翼流场高精度CFD求解方法.在此基础上,详细分析了桨尖外形对旋翼桨叶跨声速区域激波强度、激波诱导气流分离、桨尖涡尾迹及气动性能的影响.数值结果表明:桨尖的后掠和上反在缓解旋翼跨声速特性方面的作用相对较小;桨尖前掠和下反能更有效地减少桨尖外端跨声速区域,降低该位置激波强度并缓解激波-附面层干扰诱导的气流分离;后掠桨尖在减小旋翼反扭矩方面的整体效果良好,直线前掠桨尖在大桨盘拉力状态能够更有效降低旋翼扭矩(直线前掠30°时,扭矩降低达12.3%),桨尖下反可以有效抑制桨尖涡强度(抛物下反30°时,桨尖涡强度降低50%),并加快桨尖涡尾迹的耗散.      

一种基于通信事件的机载分布式软件调试方法

多应用分区的开发与综合是IMA系统开发的核心工作之一，而如何控制和调试基于分区间通信的分布式协作行为是关键所在。引入”通信事件”对分区间通信活动进行抽象，提出通信事件调试方法，对分区间通信的源分区和目的分区进行同步控制和对通信活动进行协同调试。进而提出一种将通信事件调试和代码调试有机结合的混合调试方法，论述了方法的调试过程以及在实践中表现出来的优点与不足。