固体火箭发动机尾焰红外辐射特性预估研究

运用离散颗粒模型对固体火箭发动机及尾焰两相流进行了一体化仿真,得出了各燃气组分和Al2O3颗粒的流场参数分布.通过建立固体火箭尾焰红外辐射模型,计算出了二维轴对称尾焰的光谱辐射亮度.研究表明,颗粒辐射起着主导性作用,颗粒尺寸越小,在4.3 μm波长处气相辐射作用越明显;燃烧室内燃面颗粒速度越大,尾焰辐射越弱;颗粒尺寸越大,颗粒辐射越强,但随燃面颗粒速度增大,辐射降低越快.所得结论与相关文献数据一致,表明计算模型和方法可行.     

不同地磁活动期间地球同步轨道

文章利用地球同步轨道GOES6～12卫星1986-2006年约两个太阳活动周期的高能电子角通量密度数据,分析了在地磁平静期或不同程度磁暴期间高能电子通量的变化,为建立更精确的航天器内部充电动态模型奠定基础。研究结果表明:地球同步轨道高能电子通量随太阳活动周期的变化规律表现为,在太阳活动极大年通量较低,极小年反而较高;高能电子通量随季节的变化规律表现为,在冬至和夏至附近通量达到最低值,春秋分附近达到最高值;Dst指数最小时,对应的高能电子通量一般较低。     

高能电子辐照下聚合物介质深层放电实验研究

为揭示聚合物介质材料在连续能谱高能电子辐射下的深层放电规律特征,利用~(90)Sr放射源对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)材料进行了不同条件的辐照实验。对采集的大量放电数据进行统计分析发现,电子辐照累积时间、入射电子通量以及温度都会影响介质的放电风险以及放电脉冲特征。高能电子对样品持续数天的累积辐照会降低介质自发放电的阈值条件,辐照后期放电更加频繁,但放电强度会减弱。入射电子通量越低时,放电风险越小;通量越高时,放电频率越高,高强度放电事件的发生概率也越大。温度主要通过影响介质的电导率而影响其深层放电特性,温度下降时介质本征电导率降低,充电电位和放电风险增加;一旦发生放电,放电电流脉冲的平均幅度也更大。     

涡轮叶片热障涂层三维成像研究进展

热障涂层是涡轮叶片高温防护关键技术,具有典型的层状结构特征,且热障涂层服役过程中高温氧化产生热生长氧化物结构,迫切需要利用三维成像方法无损探知热障涂层内部结构.由于计算机断层成像技术能提供三维立体图像,准确再现物体内部三维结构,是热障涂层层状结构最佳分析手段之一,在热障涂层喷涂质量评价和高温氧化监测方面具有很好的前景....     

晴空环境下的地基面天线多场耦合分析及试验

大口径高频段的地基面天线在晴空环境下的热变形对电性能影响明显。针对这一问题,首先     

IR radiation characteristics of rocket exhaust plumes under varying motor operating conditions

The infrared(IR) irradiance signature from rocket motor exhaust plumes is closely related to motor type,propellant composition,burn time,rocket geometry,chamber parameters and flight conditions.In this paper,an infrared signature analysis tool(IRSAT) was developed to understand the spectral characteristics of exhaust plumes in detail.Through a finite volume technique,flow field properties were obtained through the solution of axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations with the Reynolds-averaged approach.A refined 13-species,30-reaction chemistry scheme was used for combustion effects and a k-e-Rtturbulence model for entrainment effects.Using flowfield properties as input data,the spectrum was integrated with a line of sight(LOS) method based on a single line group(SLG) model with Curtis-Godson approximation.The model correctly predicted spectral distribution in the wavelengths of 1.50–5.50 lm and had good agreement for its location with imaging spectrometer data.The IRSAT was then applied to discuss the effects of three operating conditions on IR signatures:(a) afterburning;(b) chamber pressure from ignition to cutoff;and(c) minor changes in the ratio of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB) binder to ammonium perchlorate(AP) oxidizer in propellant.Results show that afterburning effects can increase the size and shape of radiance images with enhancement of radiation intensity up to 40%.Also,the total IR irradiance in different bands can be characterized by a non-dimensional chamber pressure trace in which the maximum discrepancy is less than 13% during ignition and engine cutoff.An increase of chamber pressure can lead to more distinct diamonds,whose distance intervals are extended,and the position of the first diamond moving backwards.In addition,an increase in HTPB/AP causes a significant jump in spectral intensity.The incremental rates of radiance intensity integrated in each band are linear with the increase of HTPB,and the growth rates of radiance intensities in some bands reach up to 50% as HTPB weight increases by 3%.     

宽温度范围大口径高精度变温标准黑体辐射源研制

红外成像探测系统的应用环境越来越复杂,工作适应温度范围低温可达到-50 ℃以下,高温可达到70 ℃以上。为满足相应要求,研制宽温度范围大口径高精度变温标准黑体辐射源,采用细分均匀加热、模糊PID自整定控制算法、双路配气保护等技术,满足高低温需求,同时开展腔型设计、超黑高发射率涂层等相应研究,保证了黑体辐射源的整体性能,确保完成相应功能。研制完成后,在高低温环境下进行了验证试验,可达到以下指标：有效发射率≥0.999,空腔开口直径≥60 mm,温度测量不确定度10 mK（k=2）。经验证,可满足宽温度范围条件红外探测系统的计量要求。     

Numerical study on similarity of plume infrared radiation between reduced-scale solid rocket motors

This study seeks to determine the similarities in plume radiation between reduced and full-scale solid rocket models in ground test conditions through investigation of flow and radiation for a series of scale ratios ranging from 0.1 to 1. The radiative transfer equation(RTE) considering gas and particle radiation in a non-uniform plume has been adopted and solved by the finite volume method(FVM) to compute the three dimensional, spectral and directional radiation of a plume in the infrared waveband 2–6 μm. Conditions at wavelengths 2.7 μm and 4.3 μm are discussed in detail, and ratios of plume radiation for reduced-scale through full-scale models are examined. This work shows that, with increasing scale ratio of a computed rocket motor, area of the hightemperature core increases as a 2 power function of the scale ratio, and the radiation intensity of the plume increases with 2–2.5 power of the scale ratio. The infrared radiation of plume gases shows a strong spectral dependency, while that of Al_2O_3 particles shows spectral continuity of gray media.Spectral radiation intensity of a computed solid rocket plume's high temperature core increases significantly in peak radiation spectra of plume gases CO and CO_2. Al_2O_3 particles are the major radiation component in a rocket plume. There is good similarity between contours of plume spectral radiance from different scale models of computed rockets, and there are two peak spectra of radiation intensity at wavebands 2.7–3.0 μm and 4.2–4.6 μm. Directed radiation intensity of the entire plume volume will rise with increasing elevation angle.     

Deterministic pion and muon transport in Earth’s atmosphere

An accurate understanding of the physical interactions and transport of space radiation is important for safe and efficient space operations. Secondary particles produced by primary particle interactions with intervening materials are an important contribution to radiation risk. Pions are copiously produced in the nuclear interactions typical of space radiations and can therefore be an important contribution to radiation exposure. Charged pions decay almost exclusively to muons. As a consequence, muons must also be considered in space radiation exposure studies. In this work, the NASA space radiation transport code HZETRN has been extended to include the transport of charged pions and muons. The relevant transport equation, solution method, and implemented cross sections are reviewed. Muon production in the Earth’s upper atmosphere is then investigated, and comparisons with recent balloon flight measurements of differential muon flux are presented. Muon production from the updated version of HZETRN is found to match the experimental data well.     

TEC derived from some GPS stations in Nigeria and comparison with the IRI and NeQuick models

Total electron content (TEC) measured simultaneously using Global Positioning System (GPS) ionospheric monitors installed at some locations in Nigeria during the year 2011 (Rz = 55.7) was used to study the diurnal, seasonal, and annual TEC variations. The TEC exhibits daytime maximum, seasonal variation and semiannual variations. Measured TEC were compared with those predicted by the improved versions of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) and NeQuick models. The models followed the diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the observed values of TEC. However, IRI model produced better estimates of TEC than NeQuick at all locations.