EB-PVD工艺制备Ti/Ti-Al超薄多层复合材料的微观结构与性能研究

利用大功率电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)技术制备了Ti和Ti-48at%Al交替蒸发沉积形成的金属/金属间化合物型多层材料薄箔.研究了靶基距、微观结构参数及试样在制备材料的选取位置对其性能的影响,考察了Ti/Ti-Al微叠层材料在不同温度下的拉伸性能,结果表明材料的室温脆性得到了明显改善,高温下由于金属间化合物层的反常强化作用,使材料在500～800 ℃之间的性能较为理想.     

PP／EPOXY合金结构和性能的研究

在聚丙烯PP基体中加入少量环氧树脂EP、固化剂及反应增容剂PP-g-MAH,通过反应共混,制备了PP/EP合金。采用扭矩流变仪研究环氧树脂在PP熔体中的固化行为并用偏光显微镜观察合金等温结晶形态,测量了合金的熔融指数和样品与水的动态接触角,最后对合金的力学性能进行测试。研究结果表明：当共混时间t=10-15min时环氧树脂发生凝胶化使相应扭矩值增大并开始交联,之后进入后期固化阶段;PP中加入环氧树脂后,环氧树脂的交联阻碍PP的结晶,并且材料的亲水性提高使前进角如和后退角阱降低;在合金中随着环氧树脂含量的增加熔体流动性下降;此外,环氧树脂的加入提高了材料的杨氏模量;随着环氧树脂含量的增加,PP／EP／PP—g—MAH合金的拉伸强度缓慢上升并且其断裂伸长率和缺口冲击强度也高于PP/EP合金。     

预制体结构对C/C喷管出口锥材料力学性能的影响

设计了3种用于制备喷管用C/C出口锥材料的炭纤维增强预制体,即炭布铺层骨架(P型预制体)、炭布叠层原位针刺骨架(N型预制体)、炭纤维整体编织骨架(B型预制体),并对比研究了预制体结构对C/C出口锥材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,对同密度水平的C/C出口锥,用P型预制体制备的C/C材料的层剪强度最低,N型预制体制备的材料的层剪强度最高,B型预制体制备的材料的层剪强度居中。3种预制体制备的C/C材料的高温弯曲性能差别不大,N型预制体结构更适合于C/C出口锥材料的制备成型。     

Optimal assimilation for ionospheric weather – Theoretical aspect

Observation, specification and prediction of ionospheric weather are the key scientific pursuits of space physicists, which largely based on an optimal assimilation system. The optimal assimilation system, or commonly called data assimilation system, consists of dynamic process, observation system and optimal estimation procedure. We attempt to give a complete framework in this paper under which the data assimilation procedure carries through. We discuss some crucial issues of data assimilation as follows: modeling a dynamic system for ionospheric weather; state estimation for static or steady system in sense of optimization and likelihood; state and its uncertainty estimation for dynamic process. Meanwhile we also discuss briefly the observability of an observation system; system parameter identification. Some data assimilation procedures existed at present are reviewed in the framework of this paper. As an example, a second order dynamic system is discussed in more detail to illustrate the specific optimal assimilation procedure, ranging from modeling the system, state and its uncertainty calculation, to the quantitatively integration of dynamic law, measurement to significantly reduce the estimation error. The analysis shows that the optimal assimilation model, with mathematical core of optimal estimation, differs from the theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models in assimilating measured data, being constrained by physical law and being optimized respectively. The data assimilation technique, due to its optimization and integration feature, could obtain better accurate results than those obtained by dynamic process, measurement or their statistical analysis alone. The model based on optimal assimilation meets well with the criterion of the model or algorithm assessment by ‘space weather metrics’. More attention for optimal assimilation procedure creation should be paid to transition matrix finding, which is usually not easy for practical space weather system. High performance computing hardware and software studies should be promoted further so as to meet the requirement of large storage and extensive computation in the optimal estimation. The discussion in this paper is appropriate for the static or steady state or transition process of dynamic system. Many phenomena in space environment are unstable and chaos. So space environment study should include and integrate these two branches of learning. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

对气液二相流音速的进一步研究

测量小药量电雷管爆炸压力波的传播速度,再修正到音速。结果表明:气液二相流音速比单相液体或空气介质低得多,流动机构对音速变化有显著影响。对低气泡率泡状流,音速与均匀流模型导出的结论相一致。随气泡率增加,流动机构改变时,音速值变化很大。     

聚乙二醇粘合剂体系的流变特性研究

研究了不同增塑比和温度对硝酸酯(BG)增塑的聚乙二醇粘合剂(PEG)体系流变特性的影响。结果表明,聚乙二醇粘合剂体系存在临界增塑比,低于该临界增塑比时,体系粘度随增塑比增加而迅速降低;高于该临界增塑比时,体系粘度变化缓慢。当增塑比为2.8时,聚乙二醇粘合剂体系在50℃假塑性程度最高。     

航天电连接器的可靠性数学模型

 通过对航天电连接器进行失效物理分析，给出了影响航天电连接器接触寿命的主要失效因素；同时，依据航天电连接器的结构和接触件的表面膜生长规律，建立了用于评价其接触寿命特征的阿伦尼斯—威布尔可靠性数学模型。     

Ti-24Al-15Nb-1Mo合金氩弧焊

研究用Ti-Al-Nb基(高Nb)合金作填充材料氩弧焊(充氩箱中)Ti-24Al-15Nb-1Mo合金时的焊缝成形及其接头显微结构和力学性能特点.结果表明,固溶处理状态下母材氩弧焊时具有较低的冷裂纹敏感性.焊态下,接头抗拉强度912～927MPa,延伸率2.5%～3.7%,焊缝冲击韧性4.7J/cm2～10.4J/cm2,近热影响区是接头力学性能的薄弱区域.     

碳纤维复合材料轴向压缩性能测试方法对比北大核心CSCD

轴向压缩性能一直是复合材料力学性能评价表征研究的难点。本文以国产T800级、M40J级碳纤维复合材料为研究对象,从试验研究、机理分析、计算模拟等角度,系统对比并分析了四种常用复合材料压缩性能测试方法的优劣与适用性,提出了优化的测试条件。试验与模拟结果表明,剪切加载方法(GB/T 3856—2005)易产生应力集中造成试样提前破坏,使压缩强度测试结果相比美标剪切加载方法(ASTM D3410—2016)降低约9%;端部加载(SACMA SRM 1R—94)测试结果较美标剪切加载和联合加载方法(ASTM D6641—2014)高3%~6%。测试条件优化研究中发现,加强片材质对破坏模式影响较大,强界面高强度复合材料适宜采用金属加强片,弱界面低强度复合材料适宜采用玻璃钢加强片。分析试样断口形貌,剪切加载和端部加载方法都可以观察到单向复合材料以纤维“跪折”为主的破坏模式。从测试结果和破坏模式来看,端部加载方法是较优的压缩强度测试方法。     

超高强度300M钢电子束深缝焊接力学性能及破坏机理研究

超高强度300M钢具有优异的力学性能,广泛应用于飞机起落架。通过静力拉伸、三点弯曲及动态Charpy冲击试验,揭示300M钢电子束深缝焊接的力学性能及破坏机理;对试验后的典型试样进行断口宏观与微观分析,并采用场发射扫描电镜(SEM)对断口形貌进行观察、分析。结果表明:母材与焊接件都出现明显的拉伸塑性段,二者的刚度和强度相差不大,但是焊接件的断裂应变较母材小,焊接件焊缝的韧性略低于母材;焊接件弯曲强度与母材相当,但是破坏时的弯曲变形较母材也有所下降,焊接件的延性较差;在冲击试验中焊接件吸收能量与断裂韧性均低于母材,冲击韧度降低。