低冲击弹射式发射箱前盖分离特性

针对火箭、导弹储运发射箱前盖快速开启、可靠分离的设计需求,提出一种利用弹簧储能的低冲击弹射式发射箱前盖方案。在此基础上,结合设计方案各部件在分离过程中的受力特性,建立前盖分离和抛落的理论模型,对箱盖分离轨迹进行计算分析。为优化设计参数,利用实验设计方法(DOE)和响应面法(RSM)对影响前盖抛落距离的储能弹簧刚度、有效作用距离以及活动冲击部件的斜板倾角等进行优化分析,获得满足可靠分离判据的优化结果。最后利用基于多体动力学模型的虚拟样机试验对优化模型进行了校验分析,验证了设计方案的可行性和理论模型的合理性。     

固体推进剂药柱不确定结构分析及方法比较

针对复合固体推进剂力学性能参数的不确定性对固体火箭发动机药柱结构分析的影响,使用软件ANSYS parametric design language(APDL)建立了受固化降温载荷和压力载荷联合作用下药柱结构的参数化有限元模型.在此基础上,分别应用蒙特卡洛法和响应面法,研究了复合固体推进剂热膨胀系数与初始泊松比的随机分布对药柱结构有限元分析的影响,并对两种方法得到的概率分析结果进行了对比.结果表明:复合推进剂热膨胀系数和初始泊松比微小的变化会对结构分析结果产生较大的影响;药柱结构响应对初始泊松比更为敏感.在药柱结构有限元分析时考虑推进剂力学性能参数的不确定性十分必要.通过对两种不确定结构分析方法的比较发现,响应面法得到的分析结果与蒙特卡洛法得到的分析结果十分接近,且分析效率远高于蒙特卡洛法.      

大型反射面天线温度分布规律及变形影响分析

针对高频段大型反射面天线对电性能的高要求,必须降低太阳热辐射对天线的影响。先计算一天中太阳入射角度的变化规律,再基于I\|DEAS软件仿真,得到一天中各时刻天线反射面上的温度、热应力场、热变形分布,然后针对阴影对天线结构的重要影响,以“分点分段”的形式给出不同时刻温度在反射面上的分布及其影响程度和规律,为工程人员进行天线的温度补偿和结构优化提供了依据。     

Dynamical evolution of high area-to-mass ratio objects in Molniya orbits

For special demands, some notable orbit types have been developed by human, including the Molniya orbits, which have a relatively high eccentricity up to about 0.7, and a period of 12 h. Considering that space debris with high area-to-mass ratio (A/M) has been discovered, such objects may also exist in Molniya orbits due to spacecraft and upper stages fragmentation events. However, there are not sufficient studies of the complex dynamical phenomena of such orbits. These studies can enrich the knowledge about the long-term evolution of these orbits, be helpful to propose uncatalogued objects observation and identification, and also set the protected region as well as active debris removal. In this paper, the characteristics of 2:1 resonance of Molniya satellite orbits are studied. A large set of numerical simulations, including all the relevant perturbations, is carried out to further investigate the main characteristics, and special attention is payed to the dynamical evolution of objects with high A/M, particularly affected by the direct solar radiation pressure. The long-term dynamical evolution of orbital elements, as well as the dependency of lifetime on the A/M value, is discussed.     

基于日最大风速记录的建筑群风环境评估方法

提出将各风向的风速比与日最大风速概率分布相结合,进行风环境评估,并按照风速大小划定建筑功能区域的基本方法。首先利用地面风速探头在风洞中对建筑群周边区域的风场进行定量测量,得出不同风向下各测点的风速比。再根据多年日最大风速记录和广义极值分布函数族,得出不同风向的日最大风速概率分布参数。由此即可求出各测点日最大风速超过风速阈值的概率。参照风环境评估准则,可对各区域的舒适度进行定量评估,并对其进行功能分区。通过对某高层建筑群的实验研究,验证了该方法的有效性和简便性,研究结果对建筑设计有直接的指导意义。     

操纵面故障对飞行包线的影响研究

进行飞机操纵机构故障时飞行包线估计对提高飞行安全具有重要意义。针对飞机操纵面故障特点,提出一种在线飞行包线估计方法。首先根据操纵面对飞行动力学参数的影响建立故障参数模型,然后应用基于遗忘因子的最小二乘参数估计方法进行气动参数的在线估计,最后基于参数估计结果进行包线的精确估算和分析,计算结果可为驾驶员和包线保护控制提供参考。仿真分析表明,该方法能精确估计飞行包线范围。     

材料次级电子发射特性对表面充电影响的数值计算研究

表面充电是最早被人们发现的空间环境效应, 是由空间环境引起的航天器异常和故障的主要诱因之一. 采用较精确的金属二次电子发射公式和局部电流平衡模型, 在无光照的情况下, 对不同表面材料及不同几何形体的航天器表面充电电位进行计算, 并绘制了表面材料的充电电位与最大二次电子发射系数之间的关系曲线. 根据数值计算结果及次级电子发射系数和曲线图得知, 航天器阴面充电电位与表面材料的原子序数、最大二次电子发射系数和入射离子引起的次级发射系数均有关. 该计算对航天器表面材料的选取和设计工艺有一定的参考价值.      

航空发动机排气系统红外辐射特征数值计算研究

基于N—S方程,建立了某型发动机排气系统的数值计算模型;利用辐射传输方程（RTE）积分法所编制的红外辐射特征计算程序,计算了该发动机在地面工作状态下的红外辐射特征分布;在加力状态下,考虑了soot粒子的光谱吸收与发射。分析了水蒸气、二氧化碳、一氧化氮和一氧化碳气体介质的红外光谱吸收与发射,并考虑了红外辐射在大气中的传输,最后给出了在3.0～5．0μm波段内排气系统的红外辐射强度分布。     

Microscopic approach to analyze solar-sail space-environment effects

Near-sun space-environment effects on metallic thin films solar sails as well as hollow-body sails with inflation fill gas are considered. Analysis of the interaction of the solar radiation with the solar-sail materials is presented. This analysis evaluates worst-case solar radiation effects during solar-radiation-pressure acceleration. The dependence of the thickness of solar sail on temperature and on wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum of solar radiation is investigated. Physical processes of the interactions of photons, electrons, protons and α-particles with sail material atoms and nuclei, and inflation fill gas molecules are analyzed. Calculations utilized conservative assumptions with the highest values for the available cross sections for interactions of solar photons, electrons and protons with atoms, nuclei and hydrogen molecules. It is shown that for high-energy photons, electrons and protons the beryllium sail is mostly transparent. Sail material will be partially ionized by solar UV and low-energy solar electrons. For a hollow-body photon sail effects including hydrogen diffusion through the solar-sail walls, and electrostatic pressure is considered. Electrostatic pressure caused by the electrically charged sail’s electric field may require mitigation since sail material tensile strength decreases with elevated temperature. It also can substitute inflation-gas pressure loss due to gas diffusion and perforation by micrometeoroids impact to keep the sail inflated.     

R3D-B2 – Measurement of ionizing and solar radiation in open space in the BIOPAN 5 facility outside the FOTON M2 satellite

Solar and space radiation have been monitored using the R3D-B2 radiation risks radiometer-dosimeter on board a recent space flight on the Russian satellite Foton M2 within the ESA Biopan 5 facility mounted on the outside of the satellite exposed to space conditions. The solar radiation has been assayed in four wavelength bands (UV-C, 170–280 nm, UV-B, 280–315 nm), UV-A (315–400 nm) and PAR (photosynthetic active radiation, 400–700 nm). The data show an increasing tumbling rotation of the satellite during the mission. The photodiodes do not show a cosine response to the incident light which has been corrected. After calibration of the signals using the extraterrestrial spectrum, doses have been calculated for each orbit, for each day and for the total mission as basic data for the biological material which has been exposed in parallel in the Biopan facility. Cosmic ionizing radiation has been monitored and separated in 256 deposited energy spectra, which were further used for determination of the absorbed dose rate and flux. Basic data tables were prepared to be used by other Biopan 5 experiments. The paper summarizes the results for the Earth radiation environment at the altitude (262–304 km) of the Foton M2 spacecraft. Comparisons with the predictions of NASA Earth radiation environment experimental models AE-8 and AP-8, and the PSB97 model are also presented, which calculate the fluxes of ionizing radiation from a simulation. AP-8 is a model for trapped radiation.