基于城市环境变迁的经济增长研究

文章运用经济增长理论分析了城市环境变迁对经济增长的促进作用,提出了我国城市环境变迁的路径,如政府规划,政府财政政策的支持等.指出城市环境构成城市经济增长的生态潜力,城市环境变迁对中国工业化和城市化发展具有极其重要的意义.     

国外载人航天的生命保障系统

文章简要介绍了载人航天3种生命保障方式的一些特点,重点介绍了基于物理/化学方法的部分物质再生生命保障系统和生物生态闭环生命保障系统两种方式的再生技术,并例举了ESA的生命保障发展计划,即生物空气过滤技术计划和微生态生命保障系统方案计划.     

从生态美学看和谐社会与人的全面发展

生态美学是以生态美为核心范畴的美学理论,是以人与自然的生态审美关系为出发点,包括人与自然、人与社会、人与自身的生态审美关系,来实现人的生态审美生存。从生态美学的视野来分析,构建社会主义和谐社会与实现人的全面发展之间的关系。     

受控生态生保系统螺旋藻藻种筛选研究

以目前应用较多的7个螺旋藻品种为研究对象,采用摇床培养的方式,在光照强度为200μmol·m^-2·s^-1,光照周期为24h,培养温度为（30．0±1．0）℃的条件下进行培养,通过比较不同藻种的形态特征、生长速率、碳源利用率、营养组分、光合放氧特性以及耐电离辐射能力等指标,从中筛选出满足受控生态生保技术研究所需的螺旋藻藻种。实验结果表明,6号和7号藻种的各项指标比较突出,尤其是6号藻种,在生长速率、蛋白质等含量、光合放氧活性、以及抗辐射的能力表现更为突出,可作为今后受控生态生保技术研究中进一步研究对象和关键生物部件候选藻种。     

基于生态足迹的廊坊市区域经济可持续发展研究

当今社会,人类自身发展对地球的索取越来越大,已经超出了其能持续供给的限度。所以可持续发展的循环经济理念目前已经从一个概念发展为国家层面的发展战略,正在被我国许多城市广泛实践。廊坊市作为河北省发展速度最快的城市之一,其发展必然要受到生态环境的制约。本文通过生态足迹研究方法分析廊坊市在可持续发展过程中面临的资源需求与供给问题,并提出有参考价值的解决途径。     

产业安全问题研究——基于生态学视角

随着中国对外开放程度不断加大,产业安全问题越来越引起人们的重视,但目前普遍采用的产业安全评价指标尚存在着片面性。文章通过运用生态系统健康评价理论来考察国家产业安全存在的问题和面临的挑战,认为国家产业系统是一个由各行业企业与环境构成的社会生态系统,也具有生态系统的一般属性,因而把生态学原理应用到产业安全问题研究上,借鉴生态系统安全理论提出了产业生态系统的内涵,构建了产业安全的健康指数和敏感性指标,为产业安全评价提供了新的思路与方法。     

Key ecological challenges for closed systems facilities

Closed ecological systems are desirable for a number of purposes. In space life support systems, material closure allows precious life-supporting resources to be kept inside and recycled. Closure in small biospheric systems facilitates detailed measurement of global ecological processes and biogeochemical cycles. Closed testbeds facilitate research topics which require isolation from the outside (e.g. genetically modified organisms; radioisotopes) so their ecological interactions and fluxes can be studied separate from interactions with the outside environment. But to achieve and maintain closure entails solving complex ecological challenges. These challenges include being able to handle faster cycling rates and accentuated daily and seasonal fluxes of critical life elements such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, macro- and mico-nutrients. The problems of achieving sustainability in closed systems for life support include how to handle atmospheric dynamics including trace gases, producing a complete human diet, recycling nutrients and maintaining soil fertility, the maintenance of healthy air and water and preventing the loss of critical elements from active circulation. In biospheric facilities, the challenge is also to produce analogues to natural biomes and ecosystems, studying processes of self-organization and adaptation in systems that allow specification or determination of state variables and cycles which may be followed through all interactions from atmosphere to soils. Other challenges include the dynamics and genetics of small populations, the psychological challenges for small isolated human groups and backup technologies and strategic options which may be necessary to ensure long-term operation of closed ecological systems.     

企业竞争与共存的生态机制研究

运用生态学中物种竞争的原理研究企业之间的竞争问题，分析了企业竞争与共存的生态机制，包括企业竞争的生态特点，如同源性、非对称性、密度效应、双重作用；企业共存的生态机制，如活命——饱餐原理、非专一性、生命周期差异、环境变化、生态位分离等；最后，通过对企业竞争与共存的生态学模型的分析，认为如果两类竞争企业的行业内竞争比行业间竞争激烈．就可能出现两类企业的稳定共存；否则，如果行业间竞争比行业内竞争激烈，就不可能有稳定的共存，结果将是一方胜，另一方被淘汰，胜者的特征是行业间竞争强度大于行业内竞争强度。     

建立中国企业社会责任会计的构想

本文以西方社会责任会计为引导,阐明建立我国企业社会责任会计的必要性与可能性,并对我国企业社会责任会计的核算体系、考核指标体系和监控体系提出了基本框架。     

Crop productivities and radiation use efficiencies for bioregenerative life support

NASA’s Biomass Production Chamber (BPC) at Kennedy Space Center was decommissioned in 1998, but several crop tests were conducted that have not been reported in the open literature. These include several monoculture studies with wheat, soybean, potato, lettuce, and tomato. For all of these studies, either 10 or 20 m² of plants were grown in an atmospherically closed chamber (113 m³ vol.) using a hydroponic nutrient film technique along with elevated CO₂ (1000 or 1200 μmol mol⁻¹). Canopy light (PAR) levels ranged from 17 to 85 mol m⁻² d⁻¹ depending on the species and photoperiod. Total biomass (DM) productivities reached 39.6 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for wheat, 27.2 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for potato, 19.6 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for tomato, 15.7 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for soybean, and 7.7 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for lettuce. Edible biomass (DM) productivities reached 18.4 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for potato, 11.3 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for wheat, 9.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for tomato, 7.1 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for lettuce, and 6.0 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for soybean. The corresponding radiation (light) use efficiencies for total biomass were 0.64 g mol⁻¹ PAR for potato, 0.59 g DM mol⁻¹ for wheat, 0.51 g mol⁻¹ for tomato, 0.46 g mol⁻¹ for lettuce, and 0.43 g mol⁻¹ for soybean. Radiation use efficiencies for edible biomass were 0.44 g mol⁻¹ for potato, 0.42 g mol⁻¹ for lettuce, 0.25 g mol⁻¹ for tomato, 0.17 g DM mol⁻¹ for wheat, and 0.16 g mol⁻¹ for soybean. By initially growing seedlings at a dense spacing and then transplanting them to the final production area could have saved about 12 d in each production cycle, and hence improved edible biomass productivities and radiation use efficiencies by 66% for lettuce (to 11.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 0.70 g mol⁻¹), 16% for tomato (to 11.4 g m⁻² d⁻¹and 0.29 g mol⁻¹), 13% for soybean (to 6.9 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 0.19 g mol⁻¹), and 13% for potato (to 20.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and 0.50 g mol⁻¹). Since wheat was grown at higher densities, transplanting seedlings would not have improved yields. Tests with wheat resulted in a relatively low harvest index of 29%, which may have been caused by ethylene or other organic volatile compounds (VOCs) accumulating in the chamber. Assuming a higher harvest index of 40% could be achieved by scrubbing VOCs, productivity of wheat seed could have been improved nearly 40% to 15.8 g m⁻² d⁻¹ and edible biomass radiation use efficiency to 0.30 g mol⁻¹.