Laboratory calibration measurements of a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate cosmic dust detector at low velocities

A cosmic dust monitor for use onboard a spacecraft is currently being developed using a piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate element (PZT). Its characteristics of the PZT sensor is studied by ground-based laboratory impact experiments using hypervelocity particles supplied by a Van de Graaff accelerator. The output signals obtained from the sensor just after the impact appeared to have a waveform that was explicitly related to the particle’s impact velocity. For velocities less than ∼6 km/s, the signal showed an oscillation pattern and the amplitude was proportional to the momentum of the impacting particle. For higher velocities, the signal gradually changed to a single waveform. The rise time of this single waveform was proportional to the particle’s velocity for velocities above ∼6 km/s. The present paper reports on results for the low velocity case and especially discusses the effect of an outer coating of the sensor with a paint, which is used to reduce heating by solar radiation.     

多舱段载人航天器空气环境控制系统性能分析

建立了一种多舱段载人航天器空气环境控制系统性能集成仿真分析模型,包括舱体模块、乘员模块、舱压控制模块、温湿度控制模块和CO2净化模块,并对两舱段载人航天器空气环境控制系统性能进行了计算分析。结果表明,舱间通风传热能力较差,造成组合体温湿度水平超出指标范围,而舱间通风传质能力较强,可实现氧分压水平和CO2分压水平的集中控制。提出了一种控制系统改进方案,在非主控舱段增设控温系统改善组合体空气温度水平,仿真结果表明,控制系统改进后组合体各空气环境参数均满足设计要求。该工作有助于加快载人航天器空气环境控制系统的设计和改进流程。     

ICAN: A novel laser architecture for space debris removal

The development of a fiber based laser architecture will enable novel applications in environments which have hitherto been impossible due to size, efficiency and power of traditional systems. Such a new architecture has been developed by the International Coherent Amplification Network (ICAN) project. Here we present an analysis of utilizing an ICAN laser for the purpose of tracking and de-orbiting hyper-velocity space debris. With an increasing number of new debris from collisions of active, derelict and new payloads in orbit, there is a growing danger of runaway debris impacts. Due to its compactness and efficiency, it is shown that space-based operation would be possible. For different design parameters such as fiber array size, it is shown that the kHz repetition rate and kW average power of ICAN would be sufficient to de-orbit small 1–10 cm debris within a single instance via laser ablation.     

Instrument study of the Lunar Dust eXplorer (LDX) for a lunar lander mission

One of the highest-priority issues for a future human or robotic lunar exploration is the lunar dust. This problem should be studied in depth in order to develop an environment model for a future lunar exploration. A future ESA lunar lander mission requires the measurement of dust transport phenomena above the lunar surface. Here, we describe an instrument design concept to measure slow and fast moving charged lunar dust which is based on the principle of charge induction. LDX has a low mass and measures the speed and trajectory of individual dust particles with sizes below one micrometer. Furthermore, LDX has an impact ionization target to monitor the interplanetary dust background. The sensor consists of three planes of segmented grid electrodes and each electrode is connected to an individual charge sensitive amplifier. Numerical signals were computed using the Coulomb software package. The LDX sensitive area is approximately 400 cm². Our simulations reveal trajectory uncertainties of better than 2° with an absolute position accuracy of better than 2 mm.     

砂尘环境试验风洞压力特性及控制策略

砂尘环境试验风洞的压力调节方式不同于常规回流式风洞,为了研究风洞中压力变化的动态特性,进行合理分析与简化后,应用集总参数法建立起风洞压力控制点、试验段及加砂段压力变化的动态特性模型,给出了相应的控制策略.通过仿真试验得出不同扰动因素对压力分布的影响规律,在此基础上对砂尘环境试验风洞的压力控制系统进行了仿真研究.能够有效优化风洞结构、提高承压能力及确定各部件控制精度.     

Investigating the soil removal characteristics of flexible tube coring method for lunar exploration

Compared with other technical solutions, sampling the planetary soil and returning it back to Earth may be the most direct method to seek the evidence of extraterrestrial life. To keep sample’s stratification for further analyzing, a novel sampling method called flexible tube coring has been adopted for China future lunar explorations. Given the uncertain physical properties of lunar regolith, proper drilling parameters should be adjusted immediately in piercing process. Otherwise, only a small amount of core could be sampled and overload drilling faults could occur correspondingly. Due to the fact that the removed soil is inevitably connected with the cored soil, soil removal characteristics may have a great influence on both drilling loads and coring results. To comprehend the soil removal characteristics, a non-contact measurement was proposed and verified to acquire the coring and removal results accurately. Herein, further more experiments in one homogenous lunar regolith simulant were conducted, revealing that there exists a sudden core failure during the sampling process and the final coring results are determined by the penetration per revolution index. Due to the core failure, both drilling loads and soil’s removal states are also affected thereby.     

一种提高伪码跟踪精度的主峰锁定法

考虑BOC调制信号主峰锁定的不确定性以及采用DLL环的不足与缺陷,提出了一种提高 伪码跟踪精度的主峰锁定法。通过多峰去除处理达到了去除副载波的目的,从而去 除副峰引发的模糊性,恢复单峰值特性;通过变采样率处理,结合NVELP伪码跟 踪处理对提炼的主峰进行相位锁定。从有效性、信噪比容限角度进行仿真与评估 ,得出结论：主峰锁定法不但可以达到对BOC调制信号主峰提取及相位锁定的目的,而且可 以正确输出导航电文信息。
     

月尘对太阳电池的遮挡效应研究

月尘的沉积对月面探测器太阳电池系统是一种严重的威胁。为了对月尘沉积所引起的太阳电池性能衰减进行预估,文章建立了一种月尘遮挡模型,可用于月尘遮挡效应的研究,并可作为月球探测器防尘设计的参考工具。     

民机驾驶舱显示器维修性设计中的拆装考虑

针对民用飞机驾驶舱显示器的结构设计,考虑运行阶段的航线维修过程中显示器拆卸与安装的快捷性和简便性,从维修性设计角度出发,基于显示器维修性定量需求和维修性定性需求,提出显示器正向拆装设计评估模型,包括显示器拆装设计评估工作时间轴和显示器拆装设计评估流程。同时,结合实例对拆装设计评估流程进行应用,以说明该方法的有效性。本文提出的正向拆装设计评估模型能够为民用飞机驾驶舱显示器及相似设备的研制工作提供有力的技术支持和保障。