Refining DORIS atmospheric drag estimation in preparation of ITRF2008

In preparation of ITRF2008, all geodetic technique services (VLBI, SLR, GPS and DORIS) are generating new solutions based on combination of individual analysis centers solutions. These data reprocessing are based on a selection of models, parameterization and estimation strategy unique to each analysis center and to each technique. While a good agreement can be found for models between groups, thanks to the existence of the IERS conventions, a great diversity still exist for parameter estimation, allowing possible future improvements in this direction. The goal of this study is to focus on the atmospheric drag estimation used to generate the new DORIS/IGN ignwd08 time series prepared for ITRF2008. We develop here a method to inter-compare different processing strategies. In a first step, by analyzing single-satellite solutions for a few weeks of data but for a large number of possible analysis strategies, we demonstrate that estimating drag coefficient more frequently (typically every 1–2 h instead of previously every 4–8 h) for the lowest DORIS satellites (SPOTs and Envisat) provides better geodetic results for station coordinates and polar motion. This new processing strategy also solved earlier problem found when processing DORIS data during intense geomagnetic events, such as geomagnetic storms. Differences between drag estimation strategies can mostly be found during these few specific periods of extreme geomagnetic activity (few days per year). In such a case, when drag coefficient is only estimated every 6 h or less often for single-satellite solution, a significant degradation in station coordinate accuracy can be observed (120 mm vs. 20 mm) and significant biases arose in polar motion estimation (5 mas vs. 0.3 mas). In a second step, we reprocessed a full year of DORIS data (2003) in a standard multi-satellite mode. We were able to provide statistics on a more reliable data set and to strengthen these conclusions. Our proposed DORIS analysis is easy to implement in all software packages and is now already used by several analysis centers of the International DORIS Service (IDS) when submitting reprocessed solutions for ITRF2008.     

Reconfigurable Flight Control Design for Combat Flying Wing with Multiple Control Surfaces

With control using redundant multiple control surface arrangement and large-deflection drag rudders,a combat flying wing has a higher probability for control surface failures.Therefore,its flight control system must be able to reconfigure after such failures.Considering three types of typical control surface failures(lock-in-place(LIP),loss-of-effectiveness(LOE) and float),flight control reconfiguration characteristic and capability of such aircraft types are analyzed.Because of the control surface redundancy,the aircraft using the dynamic inversion flight control law already has a control allocation block.In this paper,its flight control configuration during the above failures is achieved by modifying this block.It is shown that such a reconfigurable flight control design is valid,through numerical simulations of flight attitude control task.Results indicate that,in the circumstances of control surface failures with limited degree and the degradation of the flying quality level,a combat flying wing adopting this flight control reconfiguration approach based on control allocation could guarantee its flight safety and perform some flight combat missions.     

圆球绕流场的尾涡分析和升阻力研究

采用自编的分块算法程序模拟了雷诺数在20～1000之间的圆球绕流场.在Re=25时捕捉到流动分离,与试验结果一致.对Re=250时稳态非对称尾流区内流体的输运情况进行研究,证实圆球绕流场中纵向对称面的存在.对于非稳态流动,主要研究了阻力和横向力的时间变化规律,并分析了频谱特征.计算发现横向合力主要在横截面上两个很窄的区间内偏移.经过几种不同涡定义方法的优劣测试,本文采用Hunt等人介绍的Q-定义方法对非稳态绕流场的尾涡结构进行了直观描述.     

A Structured Mesh Euler and Interactive Boundary Layer Method for Wing/Body Configurations

To compute transonic flows over a complex 3D aircraft configuration, a viscous/inviscid interaction method is developed by coupling an integral boundary-layer solver with an Eluer solver in a ＂semi-inverse＂ manner. For the turbulent boundary-layer, an integral method using Green＇s lag equation is coupled with the outer inviscid flow. A blowing velocity approach is used to simulate the displacement effects of the boundary layer. To predict the aerodynamic drag, it is developed a numerical technique called far-field method that is based on the momentum theorem, in which the total drag is divided into three component drags, i.e. viscous, induced and wave-formed. Consequently, it can provide more physical insight into the drag sources than the often-used surface integral technique. The drag decomposition can be achieved with help of the second law of thermodynamics, which implies that entropy increases and total pressure decreases only across shock wave along a streamline of an inviscid non-isentropic flow. This method has been applied to the DLR-F4 wing/body configuration showing results in good agreement with the wind tunnel data.     

Generalized Kutta–Joukowski theorem for multi-vortex and multi-airfoil flow(a lumped vortex model)

For purpose of easy identification of the role of free vortices on the lift and drag and for purpose of fast or engineering evaluation of forces for each individual body,we will extend in this paper the Kutta–Joukowski(KJ) theorem to the case of inviscid flow with multiple free vortices and multiple airfoils. The major simplification used in this paper is that each airfoil is represented by a lumped vortex,which may hold true when the distances between vortices and bodies are large enough. It is found that the Kutta–Joukowski theorem still holds provided that the local freestream velocity and the circulation of the bound vortex are modified by the induced velocity due to the outside vortices and airfoils. We will demonstrate how to use the present result to identify the role of vortices on the forces according to their position,strength and rotation direction. Moreover,we will apply the present results to a two-cylinder example of Crowdy and the Wagner example to demonstrate how to perform fast force approximation for multi-body and multi-vortex problems. The lumped vortex assumption has the advantage of giving such kinds of approximate results which are very easy to use. The lack of accuracy for such a fast evaluation will be compensated by a rigorous extension,with the lumped vortex assumption removed and with vortex production included,in a forthcoming paper.     

弹翼对旋成体底部流动的影响

本文利用压强测量及纹影观测技术研究弹翼对旋成体底部流动及底阻的影响，研究对象包括有无收缩船尾的两种后体，并同时测量了模型的底面和侧面压强分布，通过实验观测结果和理论分析，得到较细致的弹翼干扰结果，有助于进一步认识底部注以动特性及上游干扰，对飞行器设计有实用意义。     

民机高速风洞试验的阻力雷诺数效应修正

在飞机设计阶段,获得准确的气动特性数据对设计者是十分重要的,采用缩比模型的风洞试验是主要途径之一。但是风洞条件限制了试验的Re数,从而影响了对跨音速巡航阻力的评估,因此需要对风洞试验结果的阻力进行Re数效应修正。分析了风洞试验结果阻力的误差构成,提出了Re数效应修正的风洞试验数据基础;进一步就跨音速巡航阻力的构成进行分析,论述了对最小阻力和升致阻力分项修正的方法,并对修正结果进行了验证,得到了一种可靠的工程方法。     

汽车空气动力学的特点与问题

本文简述了汽车空气动力学的基本特点,并部分结合作者的研究成果论述了汽车空气动力学的主要问题。     

有限时间收敛的阻力加速度跟踪进入制导律

摘要：针对地球或火星的大气层进入过程提出一种具有有限时间收敛性质的阻力加速度跟踪鲁棒制导律.将再入动力学方程抽象为一类带有不确定性及扰动的非线性系统,并针对该类系统提出一种基于滑模控制的有限时间鲁棒控制律.将所提出的理论方法应用于阻力加速度跟踪制导律的设计中,设计可使阻力加速度在有限时间内跟踪上标称值的制导律.仿真验证方法的有效性和先进性.     

面向非结构混合网格高精度阻力预测的梯度求解方法

针对非结构混合网格的特点,通过改进传统的Green-Gauss梯度求解方法,提出了一种可提高非结构混合网格黏性计算精度的节点型Green-Gauss梯度求解方法。利用改进后的方法,完成了DLR-F4翼身组合体算例的计算和对比分析。改进后的梯度求解方法残差收敛更好,下降量级更多,阻力系数和试验吻合更好,激波区域压力分布和分离区域流场细节的模拟更精确,说明改进后的梯度求解方法有效提高了程序的鲁棒性和阻力预测精度,验证了方法的有效性。采用改进后的方法对第5届AIAA阻力预测研讨会的通用研究模型（CRM）进行了详细的模拟分析,结果表明：改进的梯度求解方法更加适用于非结构混合网格的黏性计算,计算精准度达到国际同类CFD软件水平,进一步验证了改进方法的可靠性。