强海杂波背景下目标检测方法综述

高频地波雷达被广泛应用于海面目标的检测,而由于海杂波的分布散射具有很强的动态特性,通常情况下成为了海面目标检测的主要干扰成分。因此,在强海杂波背景下进行目标检测的关键在于如何有效抑制海杂波。从循环对消、子空间分解、模型预测以及分形特征这几方面对海杂波抑制技术进行综述、分析和总结,为后续对海面目标检测提供参考。     

管道测压系统频率响应研究

准确测量模型表面的脉动压力对于研究建筑物表面风荷载具有重要的意义.在实验室中通常采用管道系统和传感器对物体表面压力进行测量.然而,模型表面的压力信号通过管道系统后会在幅值和相位两方面发生畸变.在管路系统中加限流器能在很大程度上改善管路系统的频率响应特性.笔者应用Tijdeman的管道频率响应理论进行了不同管子和限流器尺寸参数组合的计算,并且进行了系统的对比实验.结果表明:计算和实验结果符合良好,文中进而讨论了有关参数对管路系统频率响应特性的影响.结果对如何正确测量建筑物表面脉动压力提供了一种有效的方法.     

一种基于数字信号处理的阻抗参数测量新方法

利用数字信号处理理论与技术提出了一种阻抗参数测量新方法,即采用任意的周期信号作为测量的激励信号,激励信号的信噪比可以很低;采用高镜频抑制比的数字正交采样滤波器得到被测阻抗和标准阻抗上的电压采样序列的同相分量与正交分量,并据此确定被测阻抗参数,该方法能得到较高的阻抗参数测量精度和较宽的测量范围,并且硬件电路实现比较容易.文中给出了计算机仿真分析和硬件实现系统的实验结果,证明了新方法的有效性和正确性.     

组合式三相双Buck宽变频逆变器

介绍了两态滞环电流控制型双Buck逆变器的电路结构和工作原理,对系统内环进行建模和分析。从理论上分析得到电流内环可以把LC二阶系统降阶为一阶系统,并将电流内环近似等效为一阶惯性环节,其时间常数主要取决于系统滤波电感的大小,并提出了一种滞环电流控制型逆变器输出滤波器的解耦设计方法,对宽变频输出时的输出滤波器进行优化设计。在此基础上进行三相组合式实验研究,通过数字控制技术实现逆变器系统具有360~800 H z宽变频输出。最后通过三相6 kVA原理样机,验证了本逆变器系统在全频率范围得到良好的输出电压波形和较高的效率,具有更广的应用前景。     

双向联想记忆集成

由多个尽可能多样化的分类器(前馈神经网络)组成的多分类器系统(MCS)能够显著地提高单个分类器的分类或推广能力.受MCS基本思想的启发,将集成引入到双向联想记忆快速学习(QLBAM)中,构建出一个BAM集成,旨在提高存储容量和纠错性能的同时,不破坏每个成员BAM的简单结构.计算机仿真表明,选择合适的"过剩生产与挑选并存"策略,即"稀疏算法"后,所提出的BAM集成在存储容量和抗噪声性能两个方面都显著优于单个QLBAM.     

直升机吊挂控制系统飞行品质分析

基于直升机指令模型、PID控制和动态逆控制理论,建立了三种直升机吊挂耦合系统控制模型以研究吊挂对直升机飞行品质的影响.依据军用旋翼飞行器飞行品质规范(ADS-33E)和直升机带吊挂飞行的飞行品质要求,对各控制模型进行了仿真和频域分析,并研究了吊挂质量和吊索长度对系统飞行品质的影响.结果表明:引入吊挂摆角状态反馈可提高系...     

空间红外遥感器定标机构故障应急退出装置

针对空间红外遥感器定标机构故障模式,首次设计了一种基于记忆合金的应急退出装置,以解决因电机或控制电路故障而导致的整个成像系统失效问题。该应急退出装置通过对记忆合金棒进行加热,使其受热收缩,从而驱动齿轮传动系统脱离啮合状态,完成机构复位运动。为验证该应急退出装置的功能和性能,利用研制产品进行了真空、大气环境等多种状态下的应急退出试验。结果表明:在大气和真空环境中,该装置能实现多种状态下的可靠退出功能;在28 V额定直流工作电压下,应急退出总时间可达145～152 s。该机构具有实现简便、可靠性高、退出速度快等优点,在空间机构的故障应急方面具有较大的工程应用潜力。     

基于双镜反射法的亚角秒级小角度测量

针对工程应用中对静态或低频动态微小角度的高精度测量需求，基于双平面镜多次反射增大光线反射角的方法构建了一种二维偏转角度测量装置。分析了双镜反射法的计算原理，提出了一种评价测角不确定度的方法，进行了光路仿真和实测数据的比对，结果表明：利用该方法的测角装置可实现优于0.1″的测角精度，且测量结果稳定可靠，适用于静态或低频动态微小角度的精确测量。     

A comprehensive statistical study of cloud base height using ceilometer over western India

A comprehensive statistical analysis of the cloud base height (CBH) measured by ground-based Vaisala ceilometer (CL31) has been performed to study different layers of the cloud in the lower troposphere up to 7.5?km height over Ahmedabad, western India during 2014 and 2015. The total observations (～69%) of cloud by using ceilometer show annual cloud occurrence frequency of around 64%. Seasonal variation of CBH and cloud occurrence frequency reveal that the maximum/minimum cloud cover is found during southwest (SW) Indian summer monsoon/pre-monsoon season. Three CBHs (CBH1, CBH2, and CBH3) are presented in monsoon period due to high cloud occurrence, and two CBHs (CBH1 and CBH2) are observed in other seasons due to low cloud occurrence by ceilometer over the observational site. The CBH1 (～100–2000?m) and CBH2 (500–3000?m) are observed during SW monsoon and summer season, respectively. The CBH3 is occurred usually in SW monsoon season. Moreover, the cloud cover during the day and night time shows that the occurrence of cloud is more frequent in daytime than nighttime during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season. The statistical analysis of cloud with ground-based observations is also performed in this study that may be useful for the development/improvement of regional weather and climate models to reduce the uncertainty in the prediction.     

Multi-wavelength coordinated observations of ionospheric irregularity structures from an anomaly crest location during unusual solar minimum of the 24th cycle

The present paper reports coordinated ionospheric irregularity measurements at optical as well as GPS wavelengths. Optical measurements were obtained from Tiny Ionospheric Photometer (TIP) sensors installed onboard the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) satellites. GPS radio signals were obtained from a dual frequency GPS receiver operational at Calcutta (22.58°N, 88.38°E geographic; geomagnetic dip: 32.96°; 13.00°N, 161.63°E geomagnetic) under the SCIntillation Network Decision Aid (SCINDA) program. Calcutta is located near the northern crest of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) in the Indian longitude sector. The observations were conducted during the unusually low and prolonged solar minima period of 2008–2010. During this period, four cases of post-sunset GPS scintillation were observed from Calcutta. Among those cases, simultaneous fluctuations in GPS Carrier-to-Noise ratios (C/N_o) and measured radiances from TIP over a common ionospheric volume were observed only on February 2, 2008 and September 25, 2008. Fluctuations observed in measured radiances (maximum 0.95 Rayleigh) from TIP due to ionospheric irregularities were found to correspond well with C/N₀ fluctuations on the GPS links observed from Calcutta, such effects being noted even during late evening hours of 21:00–22:00 LT from locations around 40° magnetic dip. These measurements indicate the existence of electron density irregularities of scale sizes varying over several decades from 135.6 nm to 300–400 m well beyond the northern crest of the EIA in the Indian longitude sector during late evening hours even in the unusually low solar activity conditions.