一种适合于斜视TOPS SAR的改进PFA成像方法

针对斜视循序扫描地形观测(TOPS)合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像模式,对广义极坐标格式算法(PFA)进行改进,提出了一种先线性走动校正(LRWC)后PFA插值的成像方法。利用LRWC显著降低了距离向与方位向的耦合,简化了距离单元徙动校正过程。走动校正后方位向采样依然是均匀的,因此方位向插值可采用Chirp-Z变换快速实现。对于波束扫描及走动校正引起的多普勒调频率的方位空变问题,采用方位非线性变标(ANCS)的方法进行统一校正,大幅提高了方位向的聚焦深度,扩大了可良好聚焦的场景范围。仿真和实测数据处理结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

捷联航姿传感器的误差补偿标定方法

磁航向传感器作为机载设备,它的工作情况与载体环境的影响有着密切的关系,测得的磁航向角存在着较大的误差,不能直接用来进行导航定位。所以,必须对其进行误差补偿,提高磁航向角的测量精度,才能用于导航定位。罗差是磁阻罗盘的主要误差源,文中介绍了罗差方程式,并重点推导了基于最小二乘法的七参数八位置误差标定方法。基于该方法的磁航向补偿算法的性能试验结果证明,磁航向误差基本维持在0.5°左右,满足了精度的要求。     

跨声速轴流压气机特性预测的损失模型研究

基于公开发表的研究成果,完善了1种新的跨声速轴流压气机总压损失及落后角预测模型,并发展了相应的跨声速轴流压气机非设计性能分析方法,建立了相应的计算机模拟程序。对2个跨声速轴流压气机的设计及非设计性能进行了数值模拟,对所得计算结果与试验结果的比较表明,本模型与分析方法能够应用于工程计算。     

红外地球敏感器测量误差分析及修正方法

红外地球敏感器作为卫星平台重要设备，在对地指向、姿态测量和天文自主导航等方面发挥着重要作用，高精度的地球敏感器量对于提高卫星姿态控制和天文自主导航精度具有重要意义。本文通过分析地敏测量误差的影响因素，提出随季节变化的地球CO2辐射特性是影响地敏测量精度的重要因素;根据地球辐射模型构建了地敏测量修正方法，结合在轨实测数据分析验证，证明可以大大降低由地球辐射不均匀引发的误差，有效压缩地敏在轨测量误差。     

Performance assessment of RTPPP positioning with SSR corrections and PPP-AR positioning with FCB for multi-GNSS from MADOCA products

The state-space representation (SSR) product of satellite orbit and clock is one of the most essential corrections for real-time precise point positioning (RTPPP). When it comes to PPP ambiguity resolution (PPP-AR), the fractional cycle bias (FCB) matters. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has developed a multi-GNSS (i.e., global navigation satellite system) advanced demonstration tool for orbit and clock analysis (MADOCA), providing free and precise orbit and clock products. Because of the shortage of relevant studies on performance evaluation, this paper focuses on the performance assessment of RTPPP and PPP-AR by real-time and offline MADOCA products. To begin with, the real-time MADOCA products are evaluated by comparing orbit and clock with JAXA final products, which gives an objective impression of the correction. Second, PPP tests in static and simulated kinematic mode are conducted to further verify the quality of real-time MADOCA products. Finally, the offline MADOCA products are assessed by PPP and PPP-AR comparisons. The results are as follows: (1) Orbit comparisons produced an average error of about 0.04–0.13 m for the global positioning system (GPS), 0.14–0.16 m for the global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), and 0.07–0.08 m for the quasi-zenith satellite system (QZSS). The G15 satellite had the most accurate orbit, with a difference of 0.04 m between the JAXA orbit products and MADOCA’s counterpart, while the R07 satellite had the least accurate orbit with a difference of 0.16 m. Clock products had an accuracy of 0.4–1.3 ns for GPS, 1.4–1.6 ns for GLONASS, and 0.7–0.8 ns for QZSS in general. The G15 satellite had the most accurate clock with a difference of only 0.40 ns between the JAXA clock products and MADOCA products, and the R07 satellite had the least accurate clock with a difference of 1.55 ns. The orbit and clock products for GLONASS performed worse than those of GPS and QZSS. (2) After convergence, the positioning accuracy was 3.0–8.1 cm for static PPP and 8.1–13.7 cm for kinematic PPP when using multi-GNSS observations and precise orbit and clock products. The PFRR station performed the good performance both in static and kinematic mode with an accuracy of 2.99 cm and 8.08 cm, respectively, whereas the CPNM station produced the worst static performance with an error of 8.09 cm, and the ANMG station produced the worst kinematic performance with a counterpart of 13.69 cm. (3) The PPP-AR solution was superior to the PPP solution, given that, with respect to PPP, post-processing PPP-AR improved the positioning accuracy and convergence time by 13–32 % (3–89 %) in GPS-only mode by 2–15 % (5–60 %) in GPS/QZSS mode. Thus, we conclude that the current MADOCA products can provide SSR corrections and FCB products with positioning accuracy at the decimeter or even centimeter level, which could meet the demands of the RTPPP and PPP-AR solutions.     

飞机侧向波束导引控制系统结构方案及仿真

侧向波束导引控制系统是飞机在自动着陆时所采用的一种重要无线电波束导引系统。分析了侧向波束导引控制系统原理,基于飞机协调控制,构建一种侧向波束导引控制系统结构方案,在 MATLAB平台下,对所设计的侧向波束导引控制系统进行大量仿真研究。仿真结果显示,所设计的侧向波束导引控制系统结构是合理的,当其侧向耦合器结构参数设置准确时,可很好地改善导引控制系统的稳定性及动态品质。     

Android智能手机双频GNSS伪距差分动态定位性能分析

随着智能手机全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)天线和芯片从单频单模向多频多模快速发展,基于其所衍生出来的位置服务(LBS)应用极大地便利了大众用户的日常生活.然而受限于低成本、低功耗的信号接收与处理单元,手机在无增强信息的情况下仅依赖伪距单点定位难以为用户提供稳定、高精度的导航服务.因此,基于小米8手机(Mi8)的GNSS双频原始数据,采用非组合的双频伪距观测值、载波历元差分观测值和多普勒观测值构建了滤波定位模型,并引入伪距差分数据,以提升手机定位的连续性和精度.在较复杂环境下开展了行人和车载实验,实测结果表明:双频定位精度与单频相比提升了15％～30％,伪距差分定位精度和单点定位相比提升了5％～20％,行人和车载双频伪距差分定位的平面位置误差分别为0.65m和1.03m,基本满足手机用户在城市复杂环境下的高精度定位服务需求.     

地形起伏对星载SAR像素定位影响的仿真分析

通过点目标数据仿真,分析地形起伏变化对点目标方位向、距离向位置偏移的影响,并在此基础上,提出利 用斜距变化值和多普勒参数变化值对像素偏移值进行修正的方法,给SAR像素定位问题的研究提供了参考。     

星载微波辐射计的天线方向图校正和亮温计算

在简要介绍星载微波辐射计周期定标技术基础上,着重分析了外部周期定标技术,采用天线方向图校正技术进行了误差分析,对“冷”、“热”定标源进行了计算,提出了提高星载微波辐计定标精度的措施。