摩托车空气动力学研究进展

世界摩托车工业已得到很大的发展。随着近几年来中国摩托车产量的迅速上升,加速摩托车的研究是目前摩托车发展的一种趋势。这种研究无论是对提高产品的性能,还是节能降耗部具有重要的意义。摩托车的气动特性是其设计的重要依据。目前德国,日本等国已经利用道路试验、风洞模拟进行这种研究,并促进了产品的开发,但国内的这种研究还有待进一步完善。     

水上飞机自由飞模型起飞与降落性能的综合试验

本文综述了用4台发动机为动力的水上飞机自由飞模型起飞与降落性能的综合试验,这些性能包括稳定性、操纵性、飞溅、水阻力、着水撞击、起飞砰击、失速及耐波性等。模型与真实飞机保持几何、质量、运动状态、拉力、升降舵效率及其波浪谱的相似,故模型试验与真实飞机的试飞结果比较符合。同时着重介绍了模型试验的机载测试系统与地面测试系统。     

Collision Risk Mitigation in Geostationary Orbit

The short- and long-term effects of spacecraft explosions, as a function of the end-of-life re-orbit altitude above the geostationary orbit (GEO), were analyzed in terms of their additional contribution to the debris flux in the GEO ring. The simulated debris clouds were propagated for 72yrs, taking into account all the relevant orbital perturbations.The results obtained show that 6–7 additional explosions in GEO would be sufficient, in the long term, to double the current collision risk with sizable objects in GEO. Unfortunately, even if spacecraft were to re-orbit between 300 and 500km above GEO, this would not significantly improve the situation. In fact, an altitude increase of at least 2000km would have to be adopted to reduce by one order of magnitude the long-term risk of collision among geostationary satellites and explosion fragments. The optimal debris mitigation strategy should be a compromise between the reliability and effectiveness of spacecraft end-of-life passivation, the re-orbit altitude and the acceptable debris background in the GEO ring. However, for as long as the re-orbit altitudes currently used are less than 500km above GEO, new spacecraft explosions must be avoided in order to preserve the geostationary environment over the long term.     

尺寸参数对气动液阀启动特性的影响

为气动液阀的启动过程建立了数学模型，分析了尺寸参数对该阀启动特性的影响。计算结果表明：在保证必要的工作寿命的前提下，适当地增大控制腔气孔的直径或增大靠近控制腔的活塞端面直径有利于提高该阀的响应能力。本文所得的结论有利于此类阀门的设计。     

A Geosynchronous Orbit Search Strategy

Since more than 10 years there is evidence that small-size space debris is accumulating in the geosynchronous orbit (GEO), probably as the result of breakups. Two break-ups have been reported in GEO. The 1978 break-up of an EKRAN 2 satellite, SSN 10365, was identified in 1992, and in 1992 a Titan 3C Transtage, SSN 3432, break-up produced at least twenty observable pieces. Subsequently several nations performed optical surveys of the GEO region in the form of independent observation campaigns. Such surveys suffer from the fact that the field of view of optical telescopes is small compared with the total area covered by the GEO ring. As a consequence only a small volume of the orbital element-magnitude-space is covered by each individual survey. Results from these surveys are thus affected by observational biases and therefore difficult to compare. This paper describes the development of a common search strategy to overcome these limitations. The strategy optimizes the sampling for objects in orbits similar to the orbits of the known GEO population but does not exclude the detection of objects with other orbital planes. A properly designed common search strategy clearly eases the comparison of results from different groups and the extrapolation from the sparse (biased) samples to the entire GEO environment.     

Tether Satellite System Collision Study

A study was performed to determine the probability of collision with resident space objects and untrackable debris for the tether component of the Tethered Satellite System (TSS) after it broke away from the Space Shuttle orbiter (mission STS-75) in February 1996. Both an analytical and a numerical approach were used in this study, and the results obtained with these two methods were found to be in good agreement. These results show that the deployed tether is expected to have been impacted by several particles 0.1mm or larger in size. The probability of collision with objects 10cm in size or larger was on the order of 10^–3 per month. Since the severed tether reentered within one month after deployment, the collision hazard to other objects while in orbit was small. The analytical methods used in this study are useful for tether collision evaluations in general.     

2000年行星际南向磁场事件及相关CME的若干分析

根据WIND飞船的观测资料，讨论了2000年发生的南向磁场（BS）事件，分析了它们的源，发现12次事件中11次的源是日冕物质抛射（CME）。运用从地球向太阳时间倒推的方法和LASCO，EIT195A的观测资料，确定了这些CME。它们都是快速CME，伴有行星际激波，都具有晕状（Halo)形态，它们在日面上发生的位置是在一个不对称的区域内。还分析了5个强南向磁场（BS≥20nT)事件，发现它们的CME源，或者具有很高的能量，或者抛射方向正对地球，或者是具有叠加效应的CME系列，分析表明，在我们所讨论的太阳活动高年，大的行星际扰动和强地磁暴与高速流的联系并不密切。     

磁云—高速流相互作用的数值模拟

对１９７８年８月２７至２８日期间观测到的磁云与尾随高速流的相互作用进行数值模拟，基本拟合了１ＡＵ处的观测剖面。模拟结果表明，磁云－高速流系统将导致前向快，慢激波和后向快激波的形成。     

空间碎片防护结构设计优化理论方法研究

航天器空间碎片防护结构设计优化在国际上属前沿课题，防护结构设计优化理论方法是其关键技术之一。在防护优化理论模型及其优化算法研究方面取得了突破性进展，建立了综合各类典型防护结构构型的统一的防护优化数学模型，提出了解决防护优化问题的几种算法：混合遗传算法，改进的差异演化算法和混合差异演化算法。最后采用航天器防护优化算例对防护优化理论方法进行了测试考核，优化结果表明了本文工作的可行性和有效性。