Enhanced electrothermal effect of carbon fibrous composites decorated with high conductive carbon nanotube webs

Literature has demonstrated that Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) can greatly enhance the electrical conductivity and matrix-dominated mechanical properties of fibrous composites. However, electrothermal coupling effect of CNTs on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRPs) has scarcely been considered. This work prepared and introduced thin and porous CNT webs to the surface or/and interface of a CFRP to enhance its electrothermal properties. The results show that CNT webs can enhance the transverse electrical conductivities of the CFRP by 231%−519% in a current range of 50–150 mA, when compared to the base-CFRP. Also, the surface temperature of CNT webs decorated CFRP can be improved by 20.5–32.3 °C within 3 min showing a self-heating rate of 6.8–10.8 °C/min just with an applied voltage of 20–30 V, increased by 152%−177% when compared to the base-CFRP (2.7–3.9 °C/min). Also, deicing can be finished within 4–10 min with a voltage of 18 V and an input power of 246 W/m². Moreover, the electrothermal processes nearly have no negative effect on the mechanical properties of the CFRP. The relatively low input power and short response time for deicing make the CNT webs decorated CFRP may be a potential new generation for aeronautical deicing structure.     

Diagnostic and modelling investigation on the ion acceleration and plasma throttling effects in a dual-emitter hollow cathode micro-thruster

Hollow cathode discharges are widely used as neutralizers for the electric propulsion systems and recently developed into micro-thrusters for the small satellites. In this work, a dual-emitter hollow cathode thruster is developed, which can be operated in two different modes—the neutralizer mode and the micro-thruster mode. For characterizing this kind of new device, the Langmuir probe, Faraday probe, and retarding potential analyzer are used to determine the electron temperature, electron density, ion flux, and ion energy distribution function. The operating parameters, including the thrust, and specific impulse, are also measured. A two-dimensional self-consistent extended fluid model is employed to calculate the spatial distribution of plasma parameters and the fluid field of electrons in the region around the emitters. By comparing the diagnostic and modelling results, it is found that the change in the electric field and ionization zone is the essential reason for the different performances of the device in the neutralizer and micro-thruster modes. Variation in the electric field leads to an ion acceleration effect in the micro-thruster mode; moving of the ionization zone raises the plasma pressure in the orifice region of the hollow cathode, and thus leads to enhanced plasma throttling and gas expanding effects. By analyzing the above mechanisms, the possible methods for improving this kind of hollow cathode micro-thruster are discussed.     

基于燃面耦合传热的固液发动机内流场模拟方法

针对固液火箭发动机中的燃烧流动,建立了一种基于流场与固体燃料之间耦合传热和PDF燃烧模型的通用计算模型。应用该模型计算了二维固液实验发动机燃烧室,得到了燃烧室内部的扩散燃烧和燃面退移速率。计算得到的燃面退移速率与实验结果吻合较好,说明该方法对固液火箭发动机内流场计算有较强的通用性,PDF模型可有效模拟混合发动机中的扩散燃烧过程;简化的一维燃面传热耦合方法可应用到多维计算;该模型可用来模拟固液发动机的内弹道和预示退移速率。     

基于混合FE-SEA方法的航天器支架车声振响应影响分析

支架车是航天器声振试验中的重要地面支撑设备,需要对其在航天器声振预示中的影响展开研究。文章基于混合FE-SEA 方法建立不同工况和不同航天器声振模型,研究了支架车对航天器结构的声振响应的影响。分析表明安装支架车后主要对系统的低阶模态的声振响应影响较大,对高阶模态的响应影响可以忽略。该结论可为复杂航天器的声振模型简化提供指导。     

二维跨音速Euler方程分区并行算法

对二维跨音速流动的Euler方程分区算法、并行算法以及多区计算的有效内边界耦合条件进行了探讨,应用Van Leer矢通量分裂方法和一维数组方式,研究了多种区域分解数目的分区计算效率.并行计算中采用"先进先出"的同步控制等待机制,采用纯结点并行编程方式进行了单区、二区和四区并行计算对比,分析了影响并行效率和通讯过载比的主要因素.     

低剂量电离辐射环境下微生物群落物种多样性的产生和维持机制

空间站微生物严重滋生现象表明：在低剂量电离辐射（Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation,LDIR）环境下,微生物群落物种多样性水平大大增加,其机制目前尚不清楚。在前期调查和具体实验观测的基础上,本研究首次提出LDIR能够使微生物群落中的物种产生不同程度的生长延迟效应,从而减小了物种之间的竞争排斥,诱导并维持了微生物群落的物种多样性。本研究基于经典的Lotka-Volterra竞争模型,将生长延迟时间环节引入其中,得到LDIR下微生物群落的演替模型,在Matlab/Simulink平台上进行大规模的计算机仿真实验,获得LDIR下微生物多样性产生和维持的动力学机制,得到结果可为认识低剂量电离辐射环境下微生物群落的演替过程提供科学的理论依据。     

多旋翼无人飞行器必要建模因素

近年来多旋翼无人飞行器(UAV)成为了小型无人飞行器发展的热门领域,而学界对于多旋翼飞行器飞行力学建模与飞行力学特性分析的研究还相对较少。针对相关研究需求,基于传统旋翼模型,建立了适用于多旋翼无人飞行器的飞行力学模型,并利用此模型对多旋翼无人飞行器悬停模态特性进行了初步分析,结果显示多旋翼飞行器模态稳定性明显弱于传统直升机,且横向Phugoid模态取代了荷兰滚模态。随后利用弱耦合系统理论与纵向模态简化模型,对多旋翼建模过程中的旋翼旋转自由度(DOF)动态特性、入流模型和旋翼气动力矩的建模必要性进行了研究。分析表明,旋翼旋转自由度的动态特性在飞控增稳条件下对全机特性有着重要影响,入流分布对刚性旋翼的俯仰、滚转气动力矩有着决定性作用,而旋翼气动力矩是决定多旋翼悬停模态的重要因素,这三者在多旋翼建模分析中不能忽略。     

永磁同步电机永磁体分块对涡流损耗的影响分析

逆变器供电的永磁同步电机(PMSM)中电子器件的高频开关会产生高频的电流时间谐波,进而引起永磁体涡流损耗的显著增加。给出了一种考虑电流时间谐波的永磁体涡流损耗计算的解析式,详细分析了永磁体尺寸和透入深度与涡流损耗之间的关系,并通过一个理想的3D模型进行验证。以1台逆变器供电的48槽8极PMSM为例进行涡流损耗仿真计算,结果表明:永磁体合理的分块数可以有效减少涡流损耗。     

Periodic atomization characteristics of simplex swirl injector induced by klystron effect

The atomization dynamic characteristics of a simplex swirl injector was investigated experimentally by using a hydrodynamic mechanical pulsator and the shadow photography technique. The frequency response characteristics of the fluid film and atomization fluctuations and their correlations with pressure fluctuations were obtained by using an in-house code of image processing. It is demonstrated that the klystron effect induced by periodic pressure fluctuations results in periodic liquid film fluctuation with large amplitudes, periodic superposition of droplets and reduction of the breakup length. It was found that the atomization of the simplex swirl injector only responds to the pressure fluctuation in frequency range approximately from 0 to 300 Hz, and it is particularly sensitive to pressure fluctuations at frequencies from 100 to 200 Hz. According to this experiment, the responsive frequency limitation is merely affected by injector configuration, rather than the supply line.     

湾流G650飞机试飞事故研究

依据湾流G650试飞事故调查报告,以试飞工程师的角度从管理、技术两方面对事故进行细节解读和分析。首先梳理关键事件的主要原因和逻辑关系,分析事故链演化过程,将事故原因归纳为管理和技术两类。针对湾流项目管理层面的问题,从流程管理、计划管理和风险管理三方面进行剖析。基于地效模型和测试数据,深层分析了失速告警迎角值设置过高的原因,从起飞速度试飞程序出发,揭示目标起飞安全速度过小的原因。最后总结事故经验,对试飞安全提出建议。