Marangoni heat pipe: An experiment on board MIOsat Italian microsatellite

This article summarizes the activities in preparation of a microgravity experiment to be carried out by using a small technological payload onboard a microsatellite developed by the Italian Space Agency. A dedicated hardware will be developed to investigate innovative heat pipes filled with self-rewetting fluids, i.e. dilute aqueous alcoholic solutions with unique surface tension properties. After a general introduction of the scientific background, the paper is focused on the main activities in preparation of the flight experiment, on the design of the flight hardware and on the experimental planned procedure. The laboratory results achieved on ground in preparation of a flight experiment are also presented, including measurements of fluids physical properties and preliminary heat pipes performances characterization test. From the engineering point of view, the activities dealing with heat pipes filling and sealing are included. The activities for heat pipe characterization conclude the paper.     

阈值温度,临界能量与航天器带电特性

采用加权求和方法确定不同能量入射电子对应不同次级(二次发射和反向散射)电子产率公式,用来计算航天材料高压带电的阈值温度T~* 和临界能量E~*,得到了与观测数据较为接近的临界带电特性。文中进一步阐明运用T~* 和E~* 两个概念,可以定性解释航天器带电的复杂特性。     

根据"大震不倒"要求反演优化设计工程结构

工程结构系统在地震作用下的设计要求是“小震不坏,大震不倒”,现行的概念设计加抗震验算设计方法给出的只能是一个可用解,而不是满足“大震不倒”要求的最优解。本文结合钢筋混凝土框架结构,讨论了根据工程结构“大震不倒”的要求反演优化设计工程结构的有关参数(如钢筋混凝土框架的配筋率、混凝土标号、截面尺寸等)的概念、方法并给出了算例,说明这种不同于传统结构设计的新的设计理念是可行的,有关方法是有效的。     

当代中国公共政策执行效力探析

提出了一个全新的概念，即政策执行效力。在此基础上，参照关国学者马兹曼尼安和萨巴蒂尔提出的政策执行影响因素，结合中国的现实情况，提出了影响中国公共政策执行效力的四个变量，即党政一把手和基层执法人员，中央、地方关系和人事管理体制，政策形成的程序，执行组织责权清晰程度和组织体系的完善程度。最后，根据当代中国公共政策执行效力与其变量之间的相关关系，提出了推行行政听证和专家咨询制，实施责任追究制，增加地方地府执行政策的灵活性，健全政府组织的咨询、信息评估和反馈系统等政策建议。     

New Insights on Geomagnetic Storms from Model Simulations Using Multi-Spacecraft Data

The forecast of the terrestrial ring current as a major contributor to the stormtime Dst index and a predictor of geomagnetic storms is of central interest to ‘space weather’ programs. We thus discuss the dynamical coupling of the solar wind to the Earth's magnetosphere during several geomagnetic storms using our ring current-atmosphere interactions model and coordinated space-borne data sets. Our model calculates the temporal and spatial evolution of H⁺, O⁺, and He⁺ ion distribution functions considering time-dependent inflow from the magnetotail, adiabatic drifts, and outflow from the dayside magnetopause. Losses due to charge exchange, Coulomb collisions, and scattering by EMIC waves are included as well. As initial and boundary conditions we use complementary data sets from spacecraft located at key regions in the inner magnetosphere, Polar and the geosynchronous LANL satellites. We present recent model simulations of the stormtime ring current energization due to the enhanced large-scale convection electric field, which show the transition from an asymmetric to a symmetric ring current during the storm and challenge the standard theories of (a) substorm-driven, and (b) symmetric ring current. Near minimum Dst there is a factor of ∼ 10 variation in the intensity of the dominant ring current ion specie with magnetic local time, its energy density reaching maximum in the premidnight to postmidnight region. We find that the O⁺ content of the ring current increases after interplanetary shocks and reaches largest values near Dst minimum; ∼ 60% of the total ring current energy was carried by O⁺ during the main phase of the 15 July 2000 storm. The effects of magnetospheric convection and losses due to collisions and wave-particle interactions on the global ring current energy balance are calculated during different storm phases and intercompared. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

论我国的人才外流

当今国际竞争的关键在于人才的竞争。我国由于人力资本投资的约束，人才十分短缺，满足不了现代化建设的需要，可是内外因的交互作用又造成人才外流严重。人才外流对流出国与流入国的福利等方面产生影响，对流出国总的来说是弊大于利。因此，必须采取措施，遏制我国人才的流失。     

Solar Influences on Dynamical Coupling Between the Stratosphere and Troposphere

We use a simplified atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) to investigate the response of the lower atmosphere to thermal perturbations in the lower stratosphere. The results show that generic heating of the lower stratosphere tends to weaken the sub-tropical jets and the tropospheric mean meridional circulations. The positions of the jets, and the extent of the Hadley cells, respond to the distribution of the stratospheric heating, with low latitude heating displacing them poleward, and uniform heating displacing them equatorward. The patterns of response to the low latitude heating are similar to those found to be associated with solar variability in previous observational data analysis, and to the effects of varying solar UV radiation in sophisticated AGCMs. In order to investigate the chain of causality involved in converting the stratospheric thermal forcing to a tropospheric climate signal we conduct an experiment which uses an ensemble of model spin-ups to analyse the time development of the response to an applied stratospheric perturbation. We find that the initial effect of the change in static stability at the tropopause is to reduce the eddy momentum flux convergence in this region. This is followed by a vertical transfer of the momentum forcing anomaly by an anomalous mean circulation to the surface, where it is partly balanced by surface stress anomalies. The unbalanced part drives the evolution of the vertically integrated zonal flow. We conclude that solar heating of the stratosphere may produce changes in the circulation of the troposphere even without any direct forcing below the tropopause. We suggest that the impact of the stratospheric changes on wave propagation is key to the mechanisms involved.     

Commonalities Between Ionosphere and Chromosphere

Three types of processes, occurring in the weakly ionized plasmas of the Earth’s ionosphere as well as in the solar chromosphere, are being compared with each other. The main objective is to elaborate on the differences introduced primarily by the grossly different magnitudes of the densities, both with respect to the neutral and, even more so, to the plasma constituents. This leads to great differences in the momentum coupling from the plasma to the neutral component and becomes clear when considering the direct electric current component transverse to the magnetic field, called “Pedersen current”; in the ionosphere, which has no quasi-static counterpart in the chromosphere. The three classes of processes are related to the dynamical response of the two plasmas to energy influx from below and from above. In the first two cases, the energy is carried by waves. The third class concerns plasma erosion or ablation in the two respective regions in reaction to the injection of high Poynting and/or energetic particle fluxes.     

耦合电感对多路输出电源输出纹波的影响

输出电液脉动是多路输出电源的一个重要性能指标，而耦合电感又是影响多路输出电源输出电流动的关键部件，因此需要研究耦合电感对输出电路脉动的影响，本文以两路输出电源为例，深入分析了耦合电感对输出电流脉动的影响，首先相入简单有效的数学模型，在此基础上给出了耦合电感匝比关系的一般选取原则。然后进一步分析了耦合电感各参数对输出电流脉动的影响，并提出新的调整输出纹波的方法，实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

弹性飞行器动态耦合和控制综合研究

研究弹性飞行器的动态耦合问题，首先导出了非定常气动力作用下的弹性飞行器的纵向运动方程。就简化的非定常气动力数学模型提出了分析气动弹性飞行器稳定性的影响方法，而后对弹性飞行器的动态耦合特性提出了定性的分析方法。并从有效抑制飞行器的弹性振动角度，研究了主动反馈控制、操纵面及陀螺位置的合适选择的协同设计问题。