Scientific requirements for future spatially resolved white-light and broad-band high-cadence observations of the Sun

Several important issues are open in the field of solar variability and they wait their solution which up to now was attempted using critical ground-based instrumentations. However, accurate photometric data are attainable only from space. New observational material should be collected with high enough spatial and spectral resolution, covering the whole visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum as well infrared and ultraviolet to reconstruct the total solar irradiance: (1) the absolute contributions of different small-scale structural entities of the solar atmosphere from the white light flares and from micro-flares are still poorly known; (2) we do not know the absolute contributions of different structural elements of the solar atmosphere to the long-term and to the cyclic variations of the solar irradiance, including features of the polar regions of the Sun; (3) the variations of the chromospheric magnetic network are still poorly evaluated; (4) only scarce information is available about the spectral variations of different small-scale features in the high photosphere. Variability of the Sun in white light can be studied with higher spectral, spatial and time resolution using space-born telescopes, which are more appropriate for this purpose than ground based observatories because of better seeing conditions, no interference of the terrestrial atmosphere and a more precise calibration procedure. Scientific requirements for such observations and the possible experimental tools proposed for their solution. Suggested solar studies have broader astrophysical importance.     

Developing a dust storm detection method combining Support Vector Machine and satellite data in typical dust regions of Asia

Enhancing the dust storm detection is a key part for the environmental protection, human healthy and economic development. The goal of this paper is to propose a new Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based method to automatically detect dust storms using remote sensing data. Existing methods dealing with this problem are usually threshold-based that are of great complexity and uncertainty. In this paper we propose a simple and reliable method combining SVM with MODIS L1 data and explore the optimal band combinations used as the feature vectors of SVM. The developed method was evaluated by MODIS and OMI data qualitatively and quantitatively on three study sites located in the Arabian Desert, Gobi Desert and Taklimakan Desert, and it was also compared to three other traditional methods based on their accuracy, complexity, reliability and sensitivity to thresholds. The detection results demonstrated that the combination of (Band7 − Band3)/(Band7 + Band3) ((B7 − B3)/(B7 + B3)), Band20 − Band31 (B20 − B31), and Band31/Band32 (B31/B32) can detect the dust storms more precisely than other individual bands or their combination. The comparison among those cases indicated that the proposed automatic method exhibited an advantage of minimizing the uncertainty and complexity, which were the limits of defining thresholds based on the threshold-based methods. The conclusions can provide references for studies that focus on statistical-based dust storm detection.     

基于遗传算法的一种高分辨率雷达目标识别方法

目标识别是防空信息处理中的一个重要环节,而对空中目标类型的识别还没有成熟的理论。通过对高分辨雷达回波信号的分析,在遗传算法的基础上,提出了一种高分辨雷达目标识别方法,由此进行目标识别。仿真实验结果表明,该方法具有高的识别率和强的抗干扰能力。     

域名系统的性能优化方案

针对当前域名系统 ,通过分析其工作过程和域名解析的原理 ,指出其性能优化的方向。改进域名数据库的组织结构可以优化本地查询 ,采用缓存技术和多副本技术可以优化远程查询 ,通过对远程查询和本地查询的优化 ,从而缩短域名解析时间 ,提高域名系统的工作效率。     

基于图像奇异值描述的雷达目标识别方法

利用目标对常规雷达发射波形的调制效应，先对录取的回波数据进行预处理，把一维回波序列投影成二维灰度图像，然后提取这种图像的反映飞机目标不同机型(大、小)和不同架次的奇异值作为特征矢量，采用BP神经网络对目标进行分类识别试验，结果表明该方法是有效的，这为常规低分辨雷达空中目标识别提供了一种新方法。     

高分辨率模数转换电路的设计及误差分析

随着惯性技术的发展,传统的电流频率(I/F）转换电路已经不能满足惯性系统的需要。在传统的I/F转换电路的基础上结合A/D采样芯片,用来对积分器残余电荷进行采样,以得到一种高分辨率模数(I/F+A/D）转换电路。介绍了转换电路的工作原理,分析了电路的原理性误差。经仿真分析及实验验证,与传统的I/F转换电路相比,该电路具有更高的满度输出频率、更大的标度因数以及更好的线性度。输入小信号对电路进行测试,测试结果表明该电路对小信号更加灵敏,具有更高的分辨率。     

W波段FMCW SAR系统实现与试验

与C波段、X波段和Ka波段相比,W波段的调频连续波(FMCW)合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统因具有更高的分辨率,更易实现低功耗与小型化而备受关注。W波段波长短,因此该波段的FMCW SAR更适用于短距离成像。提出一种W波段FMCW SAR系统的设计方案,根据提出的系统方案与指标,实现W波段FMCW轨道SAR系统的样机研制。该系统分辨率可达5 cm。系统样机试验在上海交通大学的多功能船模拖拽水池完成。设置不同目标进行成像试验,最终得到多组有效试验数据,并基于改进的RD算法进行数据处理,得到理想的SAR图像。经分析可知,系统实际分辨率优于5 cm。试验结果证明了W波段FMCW SAR系统的可行性与有效性。     

提高OCT分辨率的多LED合成新光源

光源是提高光学层析成像（OCT）分辨率的一个关键技术。利用多个普通的发光二极管（LED）光源组合合成作为OCT光源是一种新方法。经过理论推导分析及计算机仿真,证明该方法有效地提高了分辨率。本文通过多个光源组合参数对分辨率的影响进行讨论,给出了减小相干长度抑制边峰的最佳光源参数。     

基于DBF技术的高分辨率宽测绘带星载SAR系统研究

针对星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统高分辨率与宽测绘带两个核心成像指标之间的矛盾,分类研究了若干适用于不同应用需求的基于数字波束形成(DBF)技术的典型高分辨率宽测绘带(HRWS)星载SAR系统,包括超高分辨率、中等分辨率和超宽测绘带。总结出智能化多孔径天线技术、方位向多通道预处理技术、距离向实时DBF技术和多通道SAR数据压缩技术等,作为未来HRWS星载SAR发展的关键技术。