低轨星座路由技术研究现状与展望

低轨星座网络具有覆盖范围广、传输时延少、顽存能力强等优点,在宽带互联网接入服务、物联网、导航增强等方面具有重要应用。星间路由是星座网络的关键技术,直接影响其服务性能。众多学者对路由展开广泛且深入的研究。首先基于拓扑获取方式、传输数据方式、路由计算地点及计算方式等分类方法分析并归纳了低轨星座路由。其次从时间虚拟化、虚拟节点、动态拓扑更新路由以及拥塞避免角度介绍了典型路由及其改进,总结并对比了主要路由的特点,最后在此基础上提出了低轨星座路由的发展趋势。     

中低纬地区混合LEO星座增强GNSS UPPP收敛性能评估

针对全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)精密单点定位(PPP)收敛时间过长的问题,提出了利用低轨卫星(LEO)几何结构变化快的优势,增强GNSS非差非组合PPP(UPPP)的收敛性能。选取中低纬度地区28个能接收GPS、GALILEO和BDS3信号的测站观测数据,比较了极轨和混合LEO星座的增强效果。结果表明：混合LEO星座增强GPS、GALILEO和BDS组合系统时,各测站收敛时间减少60%～80%,70%的测站收敛速度优于极轨星座。当混合LEO星座增强单BDS时,CL和GCL组合系统的收敛时间相当,ENU方向定位误差变化基本一致。收敛时间从10～20 min下降至3 min以内,原因是混合LEO增强BDS定位时,大大改善了卫星的空间结构。     

ST-5微小卫星与星座及其空间飞行验证——为未来微小卫星的空间应用展现广阔前景

美国NASA于2006年3月22日成功发射三颗ST-5微小卫星,并组成星座,用于空间地磁观测。经过90天飞行演示,于6月20日顺利结束。演示验证很成功。卫星重25kg,功率24W具有通常卫星全部功能。卫星多项先进技术在演示中得到肯定,空间观测获得史无前例的数据。为此,文章介绍了ST-5微小卫星的先进技术和设计经验。ST-5将为今后微小卫星空间应用展现广阔前景。     

三星时差定位系统的目标定位精度分析

根据三星时差定位原理推导了目标定位精度模型;分析了目标定位精度与轨道高度、轨道高度差、卫星编队构形、目标位置、时差精度、卫星相对位置精度、绝对位置精度等因素之间的关系;得出了一些对工程研制有指导意义的结论。     

火星全球导航卫星系统

讨论了建立类地行星全球导航定位系统的意义,并对火星全球导航卫星系统星座的布构型进行了初步分析设计.对不同导航星座的覆盖特性与导航定位性能进行了评估,给出了最佳星座设计,它可以作为将来建立火星导航卫星系统的星座设计参考.     

基于改进MOPSO算法的区域侦察弹性星座重构方法

针对区域侦察弹性星座重构问题,提出了基于改进多目标粒子群优化算法(multi-obj ective particle swarm optimization,MOPSO)的区域侦察弹性星座重构方法.该方法采用一箭多星发射和在轨卫星相位机动相结合的方式对受损星座重构.首先选取了星座覆盖、重构成本、重构时间和星座弹性四方面的...     

PROBA-3 mission and the Shadow Position Sensors: Metrology measurement concept and budget

PROBA-3 is a space mission of the European Space Agency that will test, and validate metrology and control systems for autonomous formation flying of two independent satellites. PROBA-3 will operate in a High Elliptic Orbit and when approaching the apogee at 6·10⁴ Km, the two spacecraft will align to realize a giant externally occulted coronagraph named ASPIICS, with the telescope on one satellite and the external occulter on the other one, at inter-satellite distance of 144.3 m. The formation will be maintained over 6 hrs across the apogee transit and during this time different validation operations will be performed to confirm the effectiveness of the formation flying metrology concept, the metrology control systems and algorithms, and the spacecraft manoeuvring. The observation of the Sun’s Corona in the field of view [1.08;3.0]R_Sun will represent the scientific tool to confirm the formation flying alignment. In this paper, we review the mission concept and we describe the Shadow Position Sensors (SPS), one of the metrological systems designed to provide high accuracy (sub-millimetre level) absolute and relative alignment measurement of the formation flying. The metrology algorithm developed to convert the SPS measurements in lateral and longitudinal movement estimation is also described and the measurement budget summarized.     

一种低轨星座高精度相位保持方法

针对大型低轨星座在轨运行的高精度构型保持问题,提出了一种基于极限环的高精度相位保持方法。首先,推导了实际轨道与参考轨道的平相位角偏差与半长轴偏差的关系；然后,建立了基于极限环的相位保持周期以及半长轴改变量计算方法；最后,基于推导的半长轴偏差与相位偏差的关系,提出了一种相位保持实施方法。考虑地球非球形和大气阻力的数值仿真表明：本文提出的相位保持方法能够在卫星定轨数据精度不高、数据采样间隔较大的情况下,实现低轨星座系统的高精度相位保持。     

Task allocation strategies for cooperative task planning of multi-autonomous satellite constellation

In recent years, the application of imaging satellites has entered a completely new stage, with the new demands such as rapid response to emergency events, observation of large-scale regional targets and multivariate data fusion, the multi-autonomous satellite constellation has been proposed. This paper first designs the structure of multi-autonomous satellite constellation, and a centralized-distributed structure is proposed. This structure could improve the dynamic response capacity of the whole constellation. Then, this paper adds adapted filtering mechanism to single autonomous satellite online scheduling algorithm to enhance its performance. This article also pays more attention on task allocation strategies of the master satellite in constellation, and ten different task allocation strategies based on five dimensions are analyzed by simulation experiments. At last, this paper extracts several characteristic features of the regular observation targets and designs a selector based on support vector machine (SVM). This selector could select an appropriate strategy according to the features of each experiment scenario.     

基于低轨稀疏星座的蓝绿激光对潜定位研究

潜艇只在必要时刻才浮出水面，对实时通信和导航定位造成极大制约。蓝绿激光具有深水穿透性高、衰减系数低等优势，已在机载和星载平台对潜艇通信中得到验证。借鉴GNSS导航信号产生原理，结合蓝绿激光通信测距一体化与低轨卫星自身精密定轨，提出了基于蓝绿激光通信的低轨卫星对潜定位算法。通过在激光通信中增加载波相位调制，实现潜艇激光接收器的伪距测量，联合其高程测量信息实现水下定位。以一带一路海域，特别是中国南海区域为服务对象，优化星座参数设计了3颗卫星组成的低轨稀疏星座。潜艇在星座覆盖区域内保持静态，间隔1~3min完成至少两次通信测距和导航电文接收，联合两组观测数据、精密星历及高程测量信息进行定位解算。仿真结果显示，在卫星过境期间，考虑卫星定轨精度，激光在空气、水下传播误差等因素，潜艇可在水下实现X、Z方向定位误差优于100m，Y方向误差约100~150m的高精度定位，对提升潜艇的战场作战能力具有意义。